Bantuan:VisualEditor/Panduan Pengguna
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Catatan: Apabila anda menyunting halaman ini, anda bersetuju untuk memberi keizinan sumbangan anda tertakluk di bawah CC0. Lihat Laman Bantuan Domain Awam untuk maklumat lanjut. | ![]() |
VisualEditor portal |
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General |
Tentang |
Bantuan dengan pelancaran |
![]() | Jika anda ingin mencuba VisualEditor tanpa menyunting rencana, anda boleh berbuat demikian dengan bebas di halaman ini di mana anda bebas untuk mencuba. Anda tidak memerlukan akaun untuk menggunakannya VisualEditor di halaman itu. |
Membuka VisualEditor
Memulakan: bar alat editor visual
Bilah alat editor visual muncul di bagian atas layar saat Anda mulai mengedit. Ini termasuk beberapa ikon yang sudah dikenal: | |
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Buat asal dan Buat semula suntingan yang telah anda lakukan. |
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Judul menu tarik-turun: memungkinkan Anda untuk mengubah cara paragraf diformat. Untuk mengubah gaya paragraf, letakkan kursor Anda di paragraf dan pilih item di menu ini (Anda tidak perlu menyorot teks apa pun) Section titles are formatted "Judul", and subsections are "Subjudul 1", "Subjudul 2", and so on. The normal format for text is "Perenggan". |
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Formatting: Pressing the "A" opens a menu.
If you have not selected any text, then when you press the "A" to open the menu, and then select an item, that formatting will apply to the text that you start typing, from wherever your cursor is located. |
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Linking tool: The chain icon is the linking tool. Pressing on it (usually after selecting some text) opens the link dialog. |
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Petik menu: The "Petik" menu is used to add inline citations (also called "footnotes" or "references"). All projects have access to basic reference formatting and the ability to reuse citations by using this menu. |
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Butang Petik: If the Citoid service and/or citation tool is enabled on your wiki, you will see a Petik button instead of a Petik menu.
Instructions for adding local citation templates to the "Manual" tab at a specific wiki are available at VisualEditor/Citation tool . Instructions for enabling the Automatik tab are available at Enabling Citoid on your wiki The citoid service tries to fill out citation templates automatically. |
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Senarai & inden: Ikon dua pertama masing-masing membolehkan anda untuk membuat senarai bernombor ataupun peluru. Dua ikon terakhir membolehkan anda meningkat ataupun mengurangkan tahap inden kandungan. |
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Media, rujukan & transklusi: Setiap ikon membuka dialog tertentu:
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Special character insertion: The "Aksara khas" (Ω) icon is next to the "Sisipkan" menu. When pressed, it displays a dialog showing many special characters. By pressing on a specific character, you place it into the text. These special characters include some standard symbols, diacritics, and mathematical symbols. (This list may be customized locally. See VisualEditor/Special characters for instructions.) |
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The Edit notices button displays any notices for the page. |
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The Pilihan laman menu is to the left of the Terbit perubahan button and the Tukar alat sunting menu. On this menu there is a button to open an Pilihan dialog with the following (left side) tabs:
The tabs of the Pilihan dialog are also displayed in the Pilihan laman menu and can be opened by clicking on it. Furthermore the Pilihan laman menu contains the items Paparkan sebagai kiri-ke-kanan or Paparkan sebagai kanan-ke-kiri and the item Cari dan gantikan, which opens a bar, where you can insert words or regular expressions you are searching for and those to replace them with, together with several buttons for options. |
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The Tukar alat sunting button is next to the Terbit perubahan button. It allows you to switch to the wikitext editor. |
Menyimpan perubahan
Menyunting pautan
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Pautan boleh ditambah dengan ikon "Pautan" (rantai) pada palang, ataupun dengan menggunakan jalan pintas Ctrl+K (atau ⌘ Command+K di Mac).
If you select (highlight) text and then press the "Pautan" button, that text will be used in creating the link. For a link that involves only one word, you can either select that word or just put the cursor within that word. |
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Sama ada anda menggunakan butang ataupun jalan pintas, sebuah dialog akan dibuka yang akan membolehkan anda menaip pautan. VisualEditor akan mencuba membantu dengan pautan dalaman (pautan kepada laman-laman lain Wikipedia) dengan melihat sama ada terdapat perkara yang sepadan sambil anda menaip.
Alat tautan akan mencoba membantu dengan tautan internal dengan mencari kemungkinan kecocokan. Sebaik sahaja anda memasukkan atau memilih pautan, anda boleh tekan ↵ Enter, memetik di luar kotak, ataupun tekan butang "Siap". Pautan anda akan segera muncul di halaman tersebut, namun seperti perubahan lainnya pada halaman tersebut, ia tidak akan diterbitkan hingga anda menerbitkan keseluruhan halaman tersebut. |
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Untuk memaut ke laman web di laman web lain, prosesnya serupa: Pilih tab "Tapak luar", dan masukkan URL di dalam kotak. |
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External links without labels look like this: [1]. You can add these by placing your cursor away from any word (e.g., after a space). Open the link tool by pressing on the button or pressing the shortcut keys. Type the URL in the box, and press the "Siap" button to insert the link. |
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Untuk menukar ataupun membuang pautan, petik pautan pada teks, dan kemudian petik ikon "Pautan" yang kelihatan berhampirannya. Anda juga boleh memetik ikon yang sama pada palang atau menggunakan jalan pintas kekunci Ctrl+K. When a link is selected, it appears as blue framed.
Anda boleh sunting sasaran pautan atau membuangnya dengan memetik ikon 'Buang' (tong sampah) pada sudut atas kanan dialog. You can also open the link's target in another window by pressing on the copy of the link in the dialog box. (You might want do this to check if an external link is valid.) If you want to exit the link label (the text displayed as a link) or continue to write after this link, you can press →:
To edit the link label of an existing link, press within the link label and type the new one. But if you want to replace the entire label, please note:
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Menyunting rujukan
- For further information, see Help using citation templates or Help using citoid's Automatik tab
Determining which system is in place | |
Your wiki may use one of three footnote systems. The one shown on the right is the simplest system, where the "Petik" menu does not include any citation templates. If your wiki uses this system, then everything you need to know about footnotes is on this page. | ![]() |
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In the second system, you again start by pressing the Petik button. Then a dialog box opens, which includes several popular citation templates set up for quick access in the "Manual" tab. If your wiki uses this system, then you will find more details at Help:VisualEditor/User guide/Citations-Templates | ![]() |
In the third system, you again start by pressing the Petik button. Then a dialog box opens, which includes an automatic citation process using the citoid service under the Automatic tab. If your wiki uses this system, you will find more details at Help:VisualEditor/User guide/Citations-Full | ![]() |
Menyunting rujukan sedia ada | |
To edit an existing reference, press on it where it appears in the text (usually as a bracketed number). You will see either a "Rujukan" icon (bookmark) or an icon (and name) for the template that was used to create this reference. In either case, pressing on the "Sunting" button will open a dialog where you can edit the reference. | ![]() |
For the "Rujukan" icon, pressing "Sunting" opens the reference dialog. To start changing the reference information, press on it.
Banyak wiki menggunakan templat untuk memformat rujukan mengijut piawai tertentu. Anda akan nampak ini jika anda menyunting rujukan sedia ada; kandungannya akan berwarna biru apabila anda memilihnya. If a template was used and you press on the reference information, then the Templat icon (puzzle piece) will appear with some information. Press on the "Sunting" button to edit the content of the template in the template editor dialog. |
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If what appears when you press on a reference is an icon for a standard template for citations (an example is at right), then pressing "Sunting" will open the template editor dialog. | ![]() |
Inside the template editor, you can add or remove types of information or change current content. Only fields (template parameters) that have content will show, initially. To add fields, press on "Add" at the bottom of the editor. | ![]() |
Petik "Gunakan perubahan" ("Apply changes") apabila sudah selesai. | ![]() |
Mengguna rujukan sedia ada | |
If the page already contains a citation that applies to the text you want to source, then you can choose to re-use that existing citation.
Bagi mengguna semula rujukan sedia ada, letakkan kursor anda di tempat di mana anda mahu ia kelihatan dalam teks, dan petik ikon "Rujukan" icon (tanda buku) pada palang. (Note: If your wiki has the second or third footnote system described above, you'll see a "Guna semula" tab, in a dialog, instead of a "Guna semula" item on the "Petik" menu.) |
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Jika terdapat banyak rujukan, anda boleh menggunakan palan gelintar (dilabel "Apa yang mahu anda rujuk?") ("What do you want to reference?") untuk hanya memaparkan rujukan yang sepadan dengan teks yang dipilih. | ![]() |
Menambah rujukan baharu | |
Untuk menambah rujukan baru, letakkan kursor anda di tempat di mana anda mahu ia kelihatan dalam teks, dan petik ikon "Rujukan" icon (tanda buku) pada palang. Kemudian klik "Asas". | ![]() |
Menggunakan rujukan "Asas" | |
Shown here is what you will see if you select the basic references item. Anda dapat menambah, menyunting dan memformat petikan anda dalam penyunting rujukan.
Anda boleh memasukkan rujukan ke dalam kumpulan tertentu; ini digunakan bagi memaparkan kumpulan-kumpulan rujukan dengan alat "Senarai rujukan". |
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Sekiranya anda menambah rujukan baru dan anda juga mahu memasukkan templat bersama-samanya, petik ikon Transklusi (kepingan susun suai gambar) ("Transclusion" dalam gambar sebelah) pada palang penyunting rujukan. | ![]() |
Kemudian, cari tempat yang anda mahu guna, dan tambah serta suntingnya seperti mana yang anda lakukan untuk rujukan sedia ada.
Petik butang "Kenakan perubahan" ("Apply changes") untuk pulang kepada penyunting rujukan, dan petik "Kenakan perubahan" sekali lagi untuk pulang kepada laman. |
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Jika tidak ada senarai rujukan pada laman (misalnya, anda menambah rujukan pertama pada laman), anda perlu menambah rujukan itu agar teks rujukan anda dapat dipaparkan.
Letakkan kursor pada tempat di mana anda mahu rujukan dipaparkan (lazimnya pada bahagian bawah laman) dan petik ikon "Senarai rujukan" ("References list" dalam gambar bersebelahan) (tiga buah buku) untuk menambahnya. |
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Sekiranya anda memcipta kumpulan rujukan, anda boleh menentukan kumpulan dalam dialog ini bagi memilih rujukan yang berkaitan dengannya.
The final step in the References list dialog is to press "Sisipkan". |
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Using standard cite templates | |
Your local wiki may have added extra citation templates to the "Petik" menu. If so, you have quick access to the most-used citation templates for your wiki. (Instructions for adding extra citation templates to your local wiki are available at VisualEditor/Citation tool .) | ![]() |
Pressing on a template icon such as "Cite book" will take you into the template editor for that template. Important information fields may be marked with an asterisk. While the most common fields will be shown, not all of them are required. | ![]() |
To add more parameters, scroll down in the template editor and press on the "Add" option.
Press on "Sisipkan" when you are done. |
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Menyunting imej dan fail media lain
Memuat naik imej
Menyunting galeri media
Menyunting templat
The powerful MediaWiki template system lets you insert dynamic content, text from other pages, and much more. For a detailed explanation and examples, see the Templates help page.
In the VisualEditor you can search for a relevant template, add an invocation or transclusion on the page you’re editing and, if needed, add custom content using parameters.
Insert new template
Bagi menambah templat baru, letakkan kursor anda di tempat di mana anda mahu ia dimuatkan, dan petik ikon "Transklusi" (kepingan susun suai gambar) pada palang. Then open the Sisipkan menu and select "![]() |
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Find the template you want to insert by typing either its name or a relevant keyword. Results containing the search term in either the name or description will display in a dropdown. This should help you find a relevant template, even if you don’t know its exact name.
If you’re having trouble finding the kind of template you want by using keywords, you can look on other wiki pages with similar content and view or edit the page source to see which templates are in use. When you find the desired template’s name, you can type it into this field to insert it here. |
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You can also edit a template that’s already on a page. When you select the template you want to edit, it turns blue, and a box appears displaying "![]() |
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Some templates are not visible to someone reading a page. In the visual editor, such hidden templates are still shown so that you can click and edit or delete them. The name of the template will be shown next to the puzzle icon and both will be grayed out. | ![]() |
Template parameters | |
You’ll see this dialog box when you’re adding a new template or editing one already in place. What you see in the box depends on whether the template in question contains TemplateData , helpful metadata added by other editors to make it easier to edit templates in the Visual Editor.
When a template contains TemplateData, the VisualEditor can use it to present annotated fields for you to fill in.
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You can disable any optional parameter (which have blue checkboxes on the left side). If a parameter’s checkbox is grayed out and not clickable, the template requires that parameter, so it can’t be disabled.
When you insert a new template, you may find that some optional parameters are pre-selected. That means the author(s) of the template recommends the use of those parameters. It’s best to review all parameters that will be used in a template to ensure you understand their use. Clicking an unchecked parameter adds it to the template. Clicking a parameter that’s already been added takes you to the parameter’s input field. Some template parameters will show as “deprecated”. Don’t use deprecated parameters when inserting a template; they’re only visible to you because those parameters are in use on older pages where this template was included. |
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Adding undocumented parameters | |
If you’re inserting or editing a template whose author hasn’t laid out its parameters in TemplateData, it has what we call “undocumented” or “unnamed parameters”. In these cases, you should consult the page for the template itself. There you can learn how to correctly employ and work with all of the template’s parameters. This includes learning the exact names of the parameters as written by the template author.
If you find in the documentation that the template expects parameters without names, fill in numbers as placeholders for the parameter names using the undocumented parameter input, then add text to the values you want to provide as you normally would. Contoh:
If you accidentally include nonexistent, misspelled or erroneous parameters, the values you enter for those parameters won’t show up on the page you’re editing. |
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Autogenerated parameters | |
In this example, the template in question lacks TemplateData but it was possible to autogenerate the parameters. This means that the undocumented parameters have already been added for you, but the names may not be easily understandable and the dialog cannot display any directions or descriptions. As a result the dialog box provides a link to the template’s documentation, which should help you deduce and fill in the template’s various parameters. | ![]() |
Editing multi-part template content | |
During editing, you may open template content consisting of multiple templates or a single template linked to some wikitext. This differs from the nested templates described below. In this case, the templates are better visualized as being stacked or connected.
This content often contains “unbalanced templates,” templates which are incomplete on their own and need to be paired with some wikitext or another template in order to function. These related pieces of template content must be created in wikitext, but can be edited in the VisualEditor. In these cases you will see a notice at the top of the dialog to signal the situation and a specialized toolbar will be visible at the bottom of the sidebar. There you can use the icon buttons to add additional templates, additional wikitext, delete elements or change their order. |
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Nested templates | |
Templates can include other templates as the value for parameters. You’ll recognize it when you see a parameter whose value contains the double curly braces ( {{ }} ) denoting a template.
The VisualEditor can’t present this template within a template (a nested template) using the editor’s easy-to-use interface, so if you want to nest a template yourself, you’ll need to understand how to add the template by hand in wikitext into the appropriate parameter field. |
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Completing your edit | |
When you have finished editing a template, you can click "Gunakan perubahan". Then you can preview your edit and make sure it looks the way you want and expect.
You may also see an error message, which (like the other TemplateData mentioned above) is community-provided content and may vary in usefulness. You may need to consult the template’s own documentation to get to the bottom of some errors. If you’re still having trouble, consider posting about your problem on the template’s talk page. |
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Removing a template | |
To remove a template in the VisualEditor, click the template box. Press the "Delete" or "Backspace" key on your keyboard. The template will disappear from the page. | ![]() |
Editing on mobile | |
When editing a template on a page using the VisualEditor on a mobile device, you’ll see that the sidebar starts out hidden. You can make it visible by pressing the “Show/hide options” button. | ![]() |
Menggantikan templat | |
When you insert a template in a wiki page, its content and appearance are reevaluated every time the page loads, based on the template code and the values of its parameters. This means if someone updates the code of a template, then every page which uses that template will also get updated when they publish.
There’s another, much less common way to use templates, though, and that’s to substitute a template. Doing this permanently includes the template content just as it appears at the moment you insert it. It will not update if the template code is later changed. Most users won’t ever need to resort to substitution. Substitution is typically only useful when you need to capture the exact appearance of one version of a template, such as when content is under development and needs evaluation. To substitute a template in the VisualEditor, insert a template using the name syntax When you’re finished, press “Sisipkan”, which will insert the template content as you see it. |
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Menyunting senarai
Menyunting jadual
Menyunting kategori
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Untuk menyunting kategori, di menu "Pilihan laman", tekan item "Kategori". |
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Butang "Kategori" membuka dialog yang menyenaraikan kategori sedia ada dan membenarkan anda untuk menambah kategori baharu.
You also have the option of setting or changing the general (default) sorting key, which determines where the page appears when listed with other pages in the same category. For example, the default sorting key for the article "George Washington" is "Washington, George". In the category "Presidents of the United States", the article is listed under the letter "W", not the letter "G". |
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To add a category for a page, type the name of the category into the field "Tambah kategori". As you type, the visual editor will search for possible matching, existing categories. You can either select an existing category, or you can add a category that doesn't yet have its own category page. (Until that category page is created, your new category will show as a red link after you publish all your editing changes.) |
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Untuk membuang kategori sedia ada, petik ikon "Buang" (tong sampah) pada dialog.
Pressing on a category also allows you to specify a sorting key for that specific category. Such a sorting key overrides the default sorting key. |
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Petik "Gunakan perubahan" apabila anda sudah selesai menyunting kategori untuk pulang kepada penyunting laman. |
Menyunting tetapan halaman
Menyunting peta
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Anda boleh menambah dan menukar peta. Lihat Help:VisualEditor/Maps . |
Menyunting formula matematik
Editing musical scores
Menyunting puisi dan lain-lain perkara istimewa
Switching between the visual and wikitext editors
Jalan pintas kekunci
Ramai penyunting sudah biasa menyunting secara langsung, terutamanya teks tebal, condong dan juga pautan wiki ("wikilinks").Jalan pintas kekunci membolehkan sisipan format tanpa perlu memetik butang palang. Jalan pintas yang sering dijumpai dan yang digunakan penyunting-penyunting lain, berfungsi dengan VisualEditor.
Jalan pintas PC | Tindakan | Jalan pintas Mac |
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Ctrl+B | Tebal | ⌘ Cmd+B |
Ctrl+I | Condong (Italik) | ⌘ Cmd+I |
Ctrl+K | Masukkan pautan | ⌘ Cmd+K |
Ctrl+X | Kerat | ⌘ Cmd+X |
Ctrl+C | Salin | ⌘ Cmd+C |
Ctrl+V | Tampal | ⌘ Cmd+V |
Ctrl+Z | Undur kembali | ⌘ Cmd+Z |
Also see the full list of all keyboard shortcuts .