Bantuan:VisualEditor/Panduan penggunabantuan bantuan visualkan page ini
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Catatan: Apabila anda menyunting halaman ini, anda bersetuju untuk memberi keizinan sumbangan anda tertakluk di bawah CC0. Lihat Laman Bantuan Domain Awam untuk maklumat lanjut.
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Membuka VisualEditor
Untuk menyunting laman dengan VisualEditor, klik tab "Sunting" yang terdapat pada bahagian atas laman.
Membuka laman untuk penyuntingan akan mengambil beberapa saat; ia mengambil masa lebih lama jika sesebuah laman itu panjang. Sekiranya anda klik tab "Sunting sumber" penyunting sumber wikiteks klasik akan dibuka. |
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Anda juga dapat membuka VisualEditor dengan klik pautan "sunting" yang terdapat pada setiap bahagian/seksyen. |
Mula: Palang VisualEditor
Palang VisualEditor dapat kelihatan pada bahagian atas skrin apabila anda mula menyunting dengan VisualEditor. Ia menampilkan beberapa ikon biasa: | |
Buat asal dan Buat semula suntingan yang telah anda lakukan. | |
Headings pull-down menu: allows you to change how the paragraph is formatted. To change the style of a paragraph, put your cursor in the paragraph and select an item in this menu (you don't have to highlight any text). Section titles are formatted "Judul", and subsections are "Subjudul 1", "Subjudul 2", and so on. The normal format for text is "Perenggan". | |
Formatting: Pressing the "A" opens a menu.
If you have not selected any text, then when you press the "A" to open the menu, and then select an item, that formatting will apply to the text that you start typing, from wherever your cursor is located. | |
Linking tool: The chain icon is the linking tool. Pressing on it (usually after selecting some text) opens the link dialog. | |
Petik menu: The "Petik" menu is used to add inline citations (also called "footnotes" or "references"). All projects have access to basic reference formatting and the ability to reuse citations by using this menu. It also gives users quick access to local citation templates, if these are enabled on their wiki. (Instructions for adding local citation templates to the Petik menu at a specific wiki are available at VisualEditor/Citation tool .) | |
Petik button: If the citoid service is enabled on your wiki, then you will see a Petik button instead of a Petik menu.
The citoid service tries to fill out citation templates automatically. | |
Senarai & inden: Ikon dua pertama masing-masing membolehkan anda untuk membuat senarai bernombor ataupun peluru. Dua ikon terakhir membolehkan anda meningkat ataupun mengurangkan tahap inden kandungan. | |
Media, rujukan & transklusi: Setiap ikon membuka dialog tertentu:
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Special character insertion: The "Aksara khas" (Ω) icon is next to the "Sisipkan" menu. When pressed, it displays a dialog showing many special characters. By pressing on a specific character, you place it into the text. These special characters include some standard symbols, diacritics, and mathematical symbols. (This list may be customized locally. See VisualEditor/Special characters for instructions.) |
The Edit notices button displays any notices for the page. | |
The Pilihan laman menu is to the left of the Terbit perubahan button and the Switch editor menu. On this menu there is a button to open an Options dialog with the following (left side) tabs:
The tabs of the Options dialog are also displayed in the Pilihan laman menu and can be opened by clicking on it. | |
The switch to source editing button is next to the Terbit perubahan button. It allows you to switch to the wikitext editor. |
Menyimpan perubahan
When you are finished editing, press the blue "Terbit perubahan" button in the toolbar. If you have made no changes, the button will be disabled (grayed out). To cancel all your editing changes, close your browser window, or press the "Baca" tab above the edit toolbar. | |
Memetik butang hijau "⧼Visualeditor-toolbar-savedialog⧽" akan membuka sebuah dialog yang akan membolehkan anda memasukkan ringkasan ringkas tentang tindakan anda, menanda suntingan anda sebagai suntingan kecil, dan membolehkan anda untuk memantau suntingan terhadap laman pada masa hadapan. Nombor menandakan ruang yang masih terdapat dalam ringkasan suntingan anda. Anda juga dapat melihat perubahan yang anda lakukan bagi memastikan semuanya berfungsi dengan betul sebelum menyimpan perubahan yang anda buat. The "Sambung menyunting" button returns you to the page you were editing. You can publish all of your changes later. |
Menyunting pautan
Pautan boleh ditambah dengan ikon "Pautan" (rantai) pada palang, ataupun dengan menggunakan jalan pintas Ctrl+K (atau ⌘ Command+K pada Mac).
If you select (highlight) text and then press the "Pautan" button, that text will be used in creating the link. For a link that involves only one word, you can either select that word or just put the cursor within that word. | |
Sama ada anda menggunakan butang ataupun jalan pintas, sebuah dialog akan dibuka yang akan membolehkan anda menaip pautan. VisualEditor akan mencuba membantu dengan pautan dalaman (pautan kepada laman-laman lain Wikipedia) dengan melihat sama ada terdapat perkara yang sepadan sambil anda menaip.
The link tool will try to help with internal links by searching for likely matches. Sebaik sahaja anda memasukkan atau memilih pautan, anda boleh tekan ↵ Enter, memetik di luar kotak, ataupun menetik ikon tutup (<). Pautan anda akan dipaprkan pada laman VisualEditor, akan tetapi ia tidak akan disimpan sehinggalah anda menyimpan laman. | |
Prosesnya sama jika anda mahu membuat pautan kepada laman web di luar Wikipedia; masukkan sahaja pautan ke dalam medan dan ia akan ditambah sebagai "pautan luar". | |
External links without labels look like this: [1]. You can add these by placing your cursor away from any word (e.g., after a space). Open the link tool by pressing on the button or pressing the shortcut keys. Type the URL in the box, and press the "Siap" button to insert the link. | |
Untuk menukar ataupun membuang pautan, petik pautan pada teks, dan kemudian petik ikon "Pautan" yang kelihatan berhampirannya. Anda juga boleh memetik ikon yang sama pada palang atau menggunakan jalan pintas kekunci Ctrl+K. When a link is selected, it appears as blue framed.
Anda boleh sunting sasaran pautan atau membuangnya dengan memetik ikon 'Buang' (tong sampah) pada sudut atas kanan dialog. You can also open the link's target in another window by pressing on the copy of the link in the dialog box. (You might want do this to check if an external link is valid.) If you want to exit the link label (the text displayed as a link) or continue to write after this link, you can press →:
To edit the link label of an existing link, press within the link label and type the new one. But if you want to replace the entire label, please note:
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Menyunting rujukan
- For further information, see {{{1}}}
Determining which system is in place | |
Your wiki may use one of three footnote systems. The one shown on the right is the simplest system, where the "Petik" menu does not include any citation templates. If your wiki uses this system, then everything you need to know about footnotes is on this page. | |
The second system has the same type of "Petik" menu, but with several popular citation templates set up for quick access. If your wiki uses this system, then you will find more details at Help:VisualEditor/User guide/Citations-Templates | |
In the third system, you again start by pressing the Cite button. Then a dialog box opens, which includes an automatic citation process using the citoid service. If your wiki uses this system, you will find more details at Help:VisualEditor/User guide/Citations-Full | |
Menyunting rujukan sedia ada | |
To edit an existing reference, press on it where it appears in the text (usually as a bracketed number). You will see either a "Rujukan" icon (bookmark) or an icon (and name) for the template that was used to create this reference. In either case, pressing on the "Edit" button will open a dialog where you can edit the reference. | |
For the "Rujukan" icon, pressing "Edit" opens the Reference dialog. To start changing the reference information, press on it.
Banyak wiki menggunakan templat untuk memformat rujukan mengijut piawai tertentu. Anda akan nampak ini jika anda menyunting rujukan sedia ada; kandungannya akan berwarna biru apabila anda memilihnya. If a template was used and you press on the reference information, then the Templat icon (puzzle piece) will appear with some information. Press on the "edit" button to edit the content of the template in the template mini-editor dialog. |
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If what appears when you press on a reference is an icon for a standard template for citations (an example is at right), then pressing "Edit" will open the template mini-editor dialog. | |
Inside the template mini-editor, you can add or remove types of information or change current content. Only fields (template parameters) that have content will show, initially. To add fields, press on "Tambah lebih maklumat" at the bottom of the mini-editor. | |
Petik "Gunakan perubahan" ("Apply changes") apabila sudah selesai. | |
Mengguna rujukan sedia ada | |
If the page already contains a citation that applies to the text you want to source, then you can choose to re-use that existing citation.
Bagi mengguna semula rujukan sedia ada, letakkan kursor anda di tempat di mana anda mahu ia kelihatan dalam teks, dan petik ikon "Rujukan" icon (tanda buku) pada palang. (Note: If your wiki has the third footnote system described above, you'll see a "Re-use" tab, in a dialog, instead of a "Re-use" item on the "Petik" menu.) |
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Jika terdapat banyak rujukan, anda boleh menggunakan palan gelintar (dilabel "Apa yang mahu anda rujuk?") ("What do you want to reference?") untuk hanya memaparkan rujukan yang sepadan dengan teks yang dipilih.
Cari rujukan yang anda mahu yang terdapat dalam senarai, dan pilih rujukan tersebut. |
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Menambah rujukan baharu | |
Untuk menambah rujukan baru, letakkan kursor anda di tempat di mana anda mahu ia kelihatan dalam teks, dan petik ikon "Rujukan" icon (tanda buku) pada palang. | |
Using the "Basic" citation | |
Shown here is what you will see if you select the basic references item. Anda dapat menambah, menyunting dan memformat petikan anda dalam penyunting rujukan.
Anda boleh memasukkan rujukan ke dalam kumpulan tertentu; ini digunakan bagi memaparkan kumpulan-kumpulan rujukan dengan alat "Senarai rujukan". |
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Sekiranya anda menambah rujukan baru dan anda juga mahu memasukkan templat bersama-samanya, petik ikon Transklusi (kepingan susun suai gambar) ("Transclusion" dalam gambar sebelah) pada palang penyunting rujukan. | |
Kemudian, cari tempat yang anda mahu guna, dan tambah serta suntingnya seperti mana yang anda lakukan untuk rujukan sedia ada.
Petik butang "Kenakan perubahan" ("Apply changes") untuk pulang kepada penyunting rujukan, dan petik "Kenakan perubahan" sekali lagi untuk pulang kepada laman. |
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Jika tidak ada senarai rujukan pada laman (misalnya, anda menambah rujukan pertama pada laman), anda perlu menambah rujukan itu agar teks rujukan anda dapat dipaparkan.
Letakkan kursor pada tempat di mana anda mahu rujukan dipaparkan (lazimnya pada bahagian bawah laman) dan petik ikon "Senarai rujukan" ("References list" dalam gambar bersebelahan) (tiga buah buku) untuk menambahnya. |
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Sekiranya anda memcipta kumpulan rujukan, anda boleh menentukan kumpulan dalam dialog ini bagi memilih rujukan yang berkaitan dengannya.
The final step in the References list dialog is to press "Sisipkan". |
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Using standard cite templates | |
Your local wiki may have added extra citation templates to the "Petik" menu. If so, you have quick access to the most-used citation templates for your wiki. (Instructions for adding extra citation templates to your local wiki are available at VisualEditor/Citation tool .) | |
Pressing on a template icon such as "Cite book" will take you into the template mini-editor for that template. Important information fields may be marked with an asterisk. While the most common fields will be shown, not all of them are required. | |
To add more parameters, scroll down in the template mini-editor and press on the "Tambah lebih maklumat" option. Press on "Sisipkan" when you are done. |
Editing images and other media files
Menyunting imej | |
Untuk menambah imej (ataupun fail media lain) pada laman, petik ikon "Media" pada palang (gambar gunung). | |
Memetik ikon "Media" akan membuka dialog yang secara automatik akan menggelintar Wikimedia Commons untuk fail-fail media berkaitan dengan laman yang sedang anda sunting. Anda dapat mencari fail media lain dengan menukar teks dalam kotak gelintar dialog. Petik lakaran kecil bagi memilih fail. This places the image onto the page you are editing. |
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Dialog media membolehkan anda untuk menambah (dan sunting) kapsyen, yang boleh mengandungi pemformatan dan pautan. | |
The media dialog also allows you to add alternative text captions, to help users who use screen readers, or who have disabled image display. | |
You can also set various parameters for the image in the "Tetapan selanjutnya" window. These include the alignment, the type, and size of the image. | |
Apabila sudah selesai, petik "Gunakan perubahan" bagi menutup dialog dan pulang kepada laman penyunting. | |
For an existing image, you can add or edit a caption or other settings by pressing on the image, then pressing on the "Media" icon that appears below the picture. You can resize an existing image by pressing on it, then moving the resize icon (the two-headed arrow on one or both bottom corners). You can also drag and drop an image to a place higher or lower on the page. |
Uploading images
You can upload images from a tab in the media dialog, or by dragging and dropping a file into the editor, or by pasting an image from your clipboard. | |
Press the "Upload" tab and select an image from your computer. You can type the file name, or drag an image into the box. If you dragged and dropped an image directly into the editor, or pasted one from your clipboard, this tab will open automatically. | |
You need to describe the image and add categories to it so that other people can find it. | |
The image will be inserted into the page when you are done. |
Editing media galleries
To add a new gallery, press the "Galeri" icon (a set of photos) on the "Sisipkan" menu. (If you don't see this icon on that menu, then your local wiki has decided to delay implementing this functionality in the visual editor.) | |
To edit an existing gallery in the visual editor, press that gallery. Then, near the bottom of the gallery, press the gallery icon (a set of photos). This brings up the gallery editor, with the full list of images included in the gallery. | |
The gallery editor is currently a simple box that allows you to edit existing galleries using wikitext markup. To add a new image to an existing gallery, type the file name, followed by a bar (| ) and the caption for that image. You must put each image in the gallery on its own line. You can also edit this list to remove or rearrange images or to change captions.
When you press the "Siap" button, you will exit the gallery editor. You should then see your changes, with the gallery as it will now appear to readers. Remember that exiting the gallery editor does not publish your changes. As with other changes made using the visual editor, you must publish the entire page in order to publish your work. |
Editing templates
Starting
Bagi menambah templat baru, letakkan kursor anda di tempat di mana anda mahu ia dimuatkan, dan petik ikon "Transklusi" (kepingan susun suai gambar) pada palang. | |
Start typing the name of the template you want to insert. When you see it on the list, press on its name. Then press "Tambah templat". | |
You can also edit a template that is already on the page. When you press on the template to select it, it turns blue, and a box appears with an "Templat" icon (puzzle piece). Then press on the "Sunting" link. | |
Some templates are not visible to someone reading a page. In the visual editor, such hidden templates are shown as puzzle icons. The name of the template will be shown next to the puzzle icon. | |
When you select the icon, the context menu is displayed, and you can edit the template. | |
Template parameters | |
When you add a new template or open an existing one, the "Transklusi" dialog is shown. The contents depends upon whether the template has been documented using the TemplateData system or not. | |
The template shown here has no TemplateData set up for it. The dialog therefore provides a link to documentation for the template. By visiting the documentation you should be able to figure out if the template has any parameters (fields), and what goes in each field. Use numbers as the name for each nameless parameter. The first un-named parameter is named 1 , the second is named 2 , and so forth.
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If a template has been updated to contain TemplateData information, then the dialog will show a list of individual (named) parameters. | |
For an existing template, you can edit the parameters shown in the dialog, and you can add parameters by pressing "Tambah lebih maklumat", at the very bottom of the dialog. | |
Apabila sesebuah templat memuatkan templat-templat lain, templat-templat ini (subtemplat) akan tampil sebagai parameter. Subtemplat ini boleh disunting ataupun dibuang dengan memetik nama subtemplat berkaitan.
Subtemplat-subtemplat baru ditambah dengan cara yang digunakan untuk menambah parameter. Anda mungkin perlu menyemak dokumentasi templat bagi memastikan yang subtempat disokong. Nested templates can currently be edited as wikitext only, without the facility offered by VisualEditor (see phab:T52182). |
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Finishing | |
When you have finished editing a template, press "Gunakan perubahan" to close the dialog and return to editing the main page. | |
Menggantikan templat | |
Apabila sesebuah templat perlu diganti, taip subst: (termasuk titik tindih) sebelum nama templat.
Penyiapan automatik ("Autocompletion") tidak berfungsi dengan Kemudian, klik butang hijau "$add-transclusion". Tambah parameter seperti biasa dan "$apply". |
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You will see the template expand on the page after you press "Gunakan perubahan". |
Editing lists
You can use the visual editor to create lists, or to change the format of an existing list. There are two types of lists: unordered (bullet) and ordered (numbered).
To start a new list, just press on one of the two menu items shown here. Or, if you already have typed the list (on separate lines), select (highlight) the list you have typed, then press on one of the menu items. | |
Shown here are examples of the two types of lists: unordered (bullet) and ordered (numbered). | |
If you want to change the indentation level of part of an existing list, select the part of the list that you want to change. | |
Then use the menu, or press the Tab key. (The Tab key increases indentation; use the shift key plus the Tab key to decrease indentation) | |
Here is the result of increased indentation. | |
You can even mix ordered (numbered) and unordered (bullet) lists, if the list items have different indentations. |
Editing tables
You can use the visual editor to insert and change tables. You can even import a table by dragging a comma-separated value (.csv) file from your computer into the main editing window. | |
When you press on "Table", in the "Sisipkan" menu, the visual editor inserts a blank four-by-four table. Now the "Table" menu is available. From that menu, you can add a caption to the top of the table. |
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To select a cell, press it once. | |
To edit the contents of the cell (for example, to add content or to correct a spelling error), double press in the cell. Or you can select the cell and then press Return. To end your editing of a cell, just press elsewhere. |
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You can add, move or delete a column or a row. | |
You can merge cells: Select them, then from the Table menu, press on "Merge cells". | |
If you merge cells, only the text in one cell is kept; any text in the other cells is deleted when you merge the cells. If you decide that you wanted some or all of the text that was deleted, use the Undo button, move or copy the text you want, then merge the cells again. | |
You can also split cells that were previously merged. All the content that was in the merged cell will remain in the first cell when you do the split. You can then cut and paste text to other cells, if you want. |
Menyunting kategori
Menu "Pilihan laman" membolehkan akses kepada butang "Kategori". | |
Butang "Kategori" membuka dialog yang menyenaraikan kategori sedia ada dan membenarkan anda untuk menambah kategori baharu. You also have the option of setting or changing the general (default) sorting key, which determines where the page appears when listed with other pages in the same category. For example, the default sorting key for the article "George Washington" is "Washington, George". In the category "Presidents of the United States", the article is listed under the letter "W", not the letter "G". | |
To add a category for a page, type the name of the category into the field "Tambah kategori". As you type, the visual editor will search for possible matching, existing categories. You can either select an existing category, or you can add a category that doesn't yet have its own category page. (Until that category page is created, your new category will show as a red link after you publish all your editing changes.) | |
Untuk membuang kategori sedia ada, petik ikon "Buang" (tong sampah) pada dialog.
Pressing on a category also allows you to specify a sorting key for that specific category. Such a sorting key overrides the default sorting key. | |
Petik "Gunakan perubahan" apabila anda sudah selesai menyunting kategori untuk pulang kepada penyunting laman. |
Mengubah tetapan halaman
To edit a page's settings, press to open the "Pilihan laman" menu, in the toolbar, and select the "Tetapan halaman" button. | |
The "Tetapan halaman" button opens a dialog that shows several options. | |
You can make a page a redirect to another page by checking the "Lencongkan laman ini ke" checkbox, and then typing the name of the page to which you want to send the reader who tries to go to the page that you are editing. At the bottom is the option to prevent page renames from updating this redirect. This is very rarely used. | |
Anda boleh mengubah paparan Jadual Isi Kandungan dalam halaman dengan memilih salah satu daripada tiga butang yang berikut. Pilihan asali ialah "Jika perlu" yang memaparkan Jadual Isi Kandungan jika terdapat tiga tajuk ke atas. | |
You can make a page not show edit links next to each section header by checking this checkbox. | |
Press "Gunakan perubahan" when you are done editing the Pilihan laman to return to the page editor. |
Editing maps
You can add and change maps. See Help:VisualEditor/Maps . |
Menyunting formula matematik
To add a new mathematical formula to the page, place your cursor where you want it to be inserted, and press on the "Math formula" icon ("Σ") in the "Sisipkan" menu on the toolbar. | |
A window will open in which you can type the formula, using LaTeX syntax. the visual editor will update the formula as you type it, so you can see how it will look as you make changes. Once you are happy with the formula, press the "Sisipkan" button. | |
To edit an existing mathematical formula on the page, press on it and then press on the "Σ" icon that appears. This will open up the formula window, where you make changes. | |
Mathematical formulae can be placed inline or centered as a block. |
Editing musical scores
To add a new musical notation to a page, place your cursor where you want the musical notation to be inserted. Then, from the "Insert" menu on the toolbar, press the "Musical notation" option.
To edit an existing musical notation on the page, double press on it. |
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This will open the "Musical notation" dialog. Here the notation can be edited by scale, either in ABC or in Lilypond format. You can also link the notation to an audio or MIDI file. Once you are finished, press the "Done" button to close the dialog and publish your changes. |
Menyunting puisi dan lain-lain perkara istimewa
Sesetengah perkara seperti puisi dan skor muzik belum disokong oleh VisualEditor. Sehingga itu, anda perlu menyunting wikiteks sumber secara langsung jika anda ingin menyunting atau menambah perkara-perkara berkenaan. | |
In most cases, the existing items can be edited, but new ones cannot be inserted in the visual editor.
Until they are fully supported, you can copy an existing one from another page, or edit the source wikitext directly. |
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Switching between the visual and wikitext editors
To switch from the visual editor to the wikitext editor, press the |
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You'll see a diff. (If you pressed on "Discard changes", you'll just see wikitext, ready to edit with the wikitext editor.) Scroll down, and you'll see the wikitext editing area. |
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You can also switch from the wikitext editor to the visual editor. To do that, press the pencil icon on the far right of the toolbar. |
Jalan pintas kekunci
Ramai penyunting sudah biasa menyunting secara langsung, terutamanya teks tebal, condong dan juga pautan wiki ("wikilinks").Jalan pintas kekunci membolehkan sisipan format tanpa perlu memetik butang palang. Jalan pintas yang sering dijumpai dan yang digunakan penyunting-penyunting lain, berfungsi dengan VisualEditor.
Jalan pintas PC | Tindakan | Jalan pintas Mac |
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Ctrl+B | Tebal | ⌘ Cmd+B |
Ctrl+I | Condong (Italik) | ⌘ Cmd+I |
Ctrl+K | Masukkan pautan | ⌘ Cmd+K |
Ctrl+X | Kerat | ⌘ Cmd+X |
Ctrl+C | Salin | ⌘ Cmd+C |
Ctrl+V | Tampal | ⌘ Cmd+V |
Ctrl+Z | Undur kembali | ⌘ Cmd+Z |