Tải về từ Git

This page is a translated version of the page Download from Git and the translation is 1% complete.

Git is a distributed version control system. It allows you to download the very latest version of the source code, with all the branches and tagged releases at your disposal.

You should download from Git if you are a developer and want to submit patches.

If you do not want to develop but only install MediaWiki and extensions, then download stable tarball releases instead.

See Git for more details, particularly for making contributions. Below are some quick directions for a couple common tasks.

Prerequisites

You must have Git installed before you can use it. There are many ways to acquire Git, depending on your operating system. Follow Gerrit/Tutorial#Set up Git, or use your favorite search engine.

It is recommended that you have Composer installed to download and install third party libraries, but not required.

Using Git to download MediaWiki

Download

You can download MediaWiki core using Git, as well as all extensions currently installed on the Wikimedia Foundation server cluster and many other extensions hosted on gerrit .

The first step is to clone the MediaWiki core repository. This will take a while.

Download for development

The latest development version of MediaWiki is tracked in the 'master' branch.

First make sure that you have created a developer account, so that you have an SSH username.

Then, in a terminal window, enter the following command to clone the repository:

git clone https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/mediawiki/core.git mediawiki

This clones the entire MediaWiki core repository, synced to the master branch, into a sub-directory named mediawiki.

To install into a different directory, change that in the command line (for more info refer to these docs). Once the repository is cloned, you can switch to different branches or tags. The development branch, master, is the cutting-edge, developer version of MediaWiki; you should not use master code for production under any circumstances as it is not considered stable.

View latest source code

Download a stable branch

If you do not want to develop software patches but want to anonymously clone the stable release branch 1.42, use this command instead:

git clone https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/mediawiki/core.git --branch REL1_42 mediawiki

If you have a slow internet connection and want to reduce the number of revisions that are cloned, add --depth=1 to the git clone command.

MediaWiki tags (stable version)

Alternatively, specific stable versions of MediaWiki are tracked using 'tags'. These are analogous to the tarball releases. Currently, these are 1.42.3 (stable), 1.39.10 (LTS) and 1.39.10 (legacy LTS).

You can see all available tags with:

git tag -l | sort -V

To use a specific tag, e.g. the latest stable release:

git checkout 1.42.3

Update the Git submodules

The branches and tags have a bunch of Git submodules in them, for commonly-used extensions and skins and for the vendor/ directory. The master branch does not have these. To update the submodules, run:

cd mediawiki
git submodule update --init --recursive

Fetch external libraries

MediaWiki uses Composer to manage external PHP libraries, all of which end up in the vendor/ directory in your MediaWiki directory.

To install these needed libraries, you have a choice:

Download and install the composer PHAR, optionally rename the composer.phar file as instructed for your OS, and then run composer update --no-dev from your MediaWiki directory. This is the recommended approach.

- If the default PHP CLI version does not match the web server's PHP version, specify it with e.g. php7.4 composer.phar update --no-dev.

Or, if you don't want to use Composer or if you want to use the exact same set of vendor libraries as used on the WMF production cluster, you can instead create a vendor/ directory inside the core folder of your MediaWiki installation:

git clone https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/mediawiki/vendor.git

- Note that if any of your extensions have their own Composer requirements, then you cannot use this option.

Prior to MediaWiki 1.25, external libraries were kept in the core repository, and no package manager was required.

Keeping up to date

If you're using a particular branch or the development version ("master" branch) of MediaWiki, picking up the latest changes is relatively easy. Change into your MediaWiki clone directory and issue this command:

git pull

All of the latest changes for the branch you are using will be applied.

The new version of core may require newer versions of extensions and skins, so you must go into each extension and skin directory and update it with a command like git pull --recurse-submodules.

You also need to update vendor/ with any newer versions of required libraries. This often means running the following Composer command, but see #Fetch external libraries above for more details:

composer update --no-dev

After updating/upgrading the code and required libraries you should run the MediaWiki update.php command-line script to update database tables as needed:

php maintenance/run.php update

If you use MediaWiki-Vagrant , it offers a single command, vagrant git-update, that performs all these steps.

Switching to a different version

Each of our versions are tracked as branches or tags. In order to switch to a different version (for example from the master branch to a different branch or tag), checkout the particular branch or tag you want from within your MediaWiki clone directory:

git checkout <branch_name>

or

git checkout <tag_name>

The changes will be applied automatically and you will be all set to go.

Using Git to download MediaWiki extensions

List of extensions in git

Download an extension

In the next commands, replace ‎<EXT> with the name of the extension you want to download, without spaces. For Extension:TitleKey , it would be TitleKey. (case sensitive!)

Download and clone an extension from Git:

With your developer account, use these commands to get the master branch:

cd /path/to/extensions
git clone https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/mediawiki/extensions/<EXT>

To clone and checkout a stable release branch instead, use these commands:

cd /path/to/extensions
git clone https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/mediawiki/extensions/<EXT> --branch REL1_42

You can view extension source code in Gerrit's gitiles application, and at the URL:

https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/g/mediawiki/extensions/<EXT>/+/HEAD

Download all extensions

If you prefer to have all MediaWiki extensions that are at gerrit.wikimedia.org checked out to your machine, enter the following:

git clone https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/mediawiki/extensions

Or, to checkout stable releases branch instead, use this command:

git clone https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/mediawiki/extensions --branch REL1_42

After running the git clone command, continue with these commands:

cd /path/to/extensions
git submodule update --init --recursive

At any time, to update all extensions to their latest versions of that branch, enter:

cd /path/to/extensions
git pull
git submodule update --init --recursive

To change to a different branch, such as after a new release:

git submodule foreach 'git checkout -b REL1_41 origin/REL1_41 || :'

Remember that you should only use versions of extensions from the same release as that version of MediaWiki and each other.

To track the master branch:

git submodule foreach 'git checkout -b origin/master || :'

Please note that you should not use master code for production under any circumstances as it is not considered stable.

If you only need a read-only checkout (for instance to grep or analyse all MediaWiki code), you can use the shared MediaWiki checkout on Labs, without downloading anything on your machines.

Remove an extension

Remove the "require_once …" or "wfLoadExtension( … )" from LocalSettings.php

Remove any line referencing the extension in composer.local.json (usually in the "extra → merge-plugin → include" section)

Remove the extension's directory in install-dir/extensions/

Using Git to download MediaWiki skins

List of skins in git

MediaWiki 1.24 and later don't include skins in the Git download.

Follow the exact same procedure as for extensions (described in the previous section), but using skins rather than extensions in all URLs and paths.

Detailed installation instructions are available on each skin's page here on MediaWiki.org, for example see Skin:Vector#Installation. Instructions for all other skins are analogous.

Appendix

The Revision as of 14:26, 21 March 2019 changed the standard of linking to gerrit.wikimedia.org:

from:

gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/p/mediawiki

to:

gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/mediawiki