阅读/网页/桌面版改进/常见问题

This page is a translated version of the page Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Frequently asked questions and the translation is 61% complete.
Outdated translations are marked like this.


如何禁用或启用Vector 2022?

我该如何在单个或所有维基媒体项目上启用或禁用它?

首先,检查您是否已经登录。未登录用户无法更改皮肤。

特定wiki 所有wiki
禁用
  1. 前往全域参数设置
  2. 打开页面外观
  3. 选中左侧的框
  4. 点击“旧版Vector(2010)”
启用
  1. 前往用户设置
  2. 打开页面外观
  3. 点击“Vector(2022)”
  1. 前往全域参数设置
  2. 打开页面外观
  3. 选中左侧的框
  4. 点击“Vector(2022)”

参见:


为什么未登录用户无法使用切换外观按钮?

因为服务器性能有限。未登录用户可以通过浏览器扩展来定制外观,或者也可以创建账户。

参见:

How can Vector 2022 become the default for all on my home Wikimedia wiki?

联系我们。我们会向你的社群展示该项目并开始讨论。

如何在自己的/私人维基上启用?

如果您喜欢该更改,

  1. 请确定您已下载MediaWiki 1.39
  2. LocalSettings.php 加入下列内容:
$wgDefaultSkin = 'vector-2022';

我们很高兴知道您赞许我们的改进!

如何自定义Vector 2022?

为什么你们不提供设置以让用户在不同版本的功能之间进行选择?

那样太复杂,难以维护和开发。

每个设置都像一个用户可以自行选择的十字路口。 大量的选择意味着大量的组合。 参数设置会让我们对所有的组合负责。 我们必须维护它们,并且在构建新功能时,检查这些功能是否与每个组合兼容。我们负担不起。

作为代替,我们为社群提供了创建小工具、用户脚本和个人设置的选项。 与往常一样,我们为自下而上的创造力提供空间,并帮助技术用户维护他们的代码。

参见:

为什么匿名用户没有参数设置?

参数设置会降低页面加载速度。

大部分流量来自未登录用户。 为了应对这一问题,我们有一些“缓存服务器”,它们只保存和发送网页的“快照”。 作为生成网页的替代品,这些“快照”最多持续七天,且对所有未登录用户而言都是相同的。 这能让服务器更快地运行。

提供参数设置意味着要生成不同版本的网页。 这有可能导致未登录用户让服务器超载。 不向匿名用户提供参数设置也是因为我们希望减少缓存的碎片化

向匿名用户提供参数设置的唯一办法是让设置在页面之后加载。 这会导致加载时间变长而且看起来很奇怪。 例如,如果一个未登录用户想使用暗黑模式,那么在访问页面时,页面会先以浅色模式加载,然后再变暗。

因此,我们为登录用户提供参数设置的唯一原因是我们不向他们提供“快照”。 这是因为来自登录用户的流量很小。

参见:

你们为需要特定工具和功能的编辑者们做了什么?

  • 我们联系了有技术能力的志愿者以确保向后兼容性。 我们让他们检查了自己编写的代码,并在代码需要更改时提供帮助。
  • 我们使配置和个性化我们的更改成为可能。 我们很高兴与具有技术且愿意创建新的小工具和用户脚本的志愿者合作。
  • 我们不会取代有技术的志愿者的工作。 原则上,我们不会对编辑模板或创建新的小工具,但会在必要时提出建议。

你们是否会修复因你们的修改而不兼容的小工具?

看情况。

我们帮助志愿者修复小工具和用户脚本。 有时,我们自己修复这些。 但总的来说,我们的工作在MediaWiki本身上。 小工具和用户脚本由志愿者编写和维护。 从本质上讲,这些总是不太稳定和可预测的。

如果您不确定如何解决脚本或小工具的问题——联系我们! 我们将尽最大努力就潜在的修复提供建议。

参见:

哪些CSS类选择器可以用于自定义Vector 2022?

  • skin-vector:所有皮肤
  • skin-vector-legacy:旧版Vector
  • skin-vector-2022:Vector 2022

如何恢复完整的宽度?

特定wiki 所有wiki
  1. 前往用户设置
  2. 打开页面外观
  3. 取消勾选“启用限制页面宽度的模式”
  1. 前往全域参数设置
  2. 打开页面外观
  3. 选中左侧的框
  4. 取消勾选“启用限制页面宽度的模式”


要重新使用网页边缘的空间,请将以下CSS代码添加到您的global.css

.mw-page-container {
  padding-left: 2.25em;
  padding-right: 1.25em;
}

#siteNotice {
    margin:0
}

参见:


如何禁用粘性元素?

将以下CSS代码添加到您的global.css

  • 标题——添加
    .vector-sticky-header {display:none;}
    
  • 目录——添加
    .sidebar-toc {position: static;}
    

如何恢复旧版目录

使用下方的JS:

document.querySelector('meta[property="mw:PageProp/toc"]').replaceWith(
    $('#vector-toc, .mw-table-of-contents-container')
    .removeClass('mw-sticky-header-element' ).removeClass( 'vector-toc.vector-pinnable-element' ).removeAttr('id')
    .removeClass('mw-table-of-contents-container')[0].querySelector( 'ul' ).cloneNode( true )
)
    
$('#vector-toc-pinned-container,#vector-page-titlebar-toc,#vector-sticky-header-toc').remove();

Note, the table of contents will not look like the old table of contents. Additional CSS will be required for that, if necessary.

如何将章节编号恢复到目录

将下列CSS代码添加到您的global.css


如何使带有语言链接的按钮出现在主页顶部?

  1. 请您的社区同意设置主页标题。 (请参阅我们的解释为什么这是一个好主意。)
    1. 标题将显示在Vector 2010、Minerva、Timeless和Vector 2022中。 它在Monobook中不可见。
    2. 可以通过编辑登录用户的标题MediaWiki:Mainpage-title-loggedin和注销用户的MediaWiki:Mainpage-title来配置标题。 对于移动登录用户,使用MediaWiki:wikimedia-mobile-mainpage-title-loggedinSee the details about the main page heading settings.
    3. Test what the main page looks like and work with the button at the top by adding the ?vectorlanguageinmainpageheader=1 parameter to the URL. See the example on the Icelandic-language Wikipedia. 请注意,冰岛语维基百科没有设置标题,因此仅显示按钮。
  2. 联系我们,并请求我们将按钮移到顶部。
    1. 我们将更改您的Wiki的设置。
    2. 当我们这样做时,该按钮将在Vector 2022的页面顶部可见。 在其他皮肤中,带有语言链接的列表将显示在标准位置,该位置因皮肤而异。


如何恢复以前的用户菜单?

目前无法做到这一点。

如何将Logo更改为临时Logo?

Vector 2022中的Logo由3个元素组成,每个元素都可以使用CSS独立更改。

  • To change the icon image (e.g. globe on Wikipedia):
    .mw-logo-icon { content: url("INSERT NEW IMAGE URL HERE") };
    
  • To change the wordmark (e.g. the word "Wikipedia"):
    .mw-logo-wordmark { content: url("INSERT NEW IMAGE URL HERE") };
    
  • To change the tagline (e.g. the words "The free encyclopedia"):
    .mw-logo-tagline { content: url("INSERT NEW IMAGE URL HERE") };
    

联络方式

如何联系你们的团队?

选择下列中的一个:

我如何跟进你们的活动?

Do you host or attend online meetings?

Yes!

We organize open online meetings for the communities (office hours). At these meetings, Olga (our product manager) makes presentations about the recent developments. Next, community members can ask any questions about the project.

We are also open to invitation to any community event online. These may be local, country-wide, or international meetings.


 


Vector 2022和桌面版改进是什么?

这是重新设计吗?

不是。

A redesign would be a single major change which affects how the site works.

In the case of this project we have made a series of individual changes. Each feature was a separate small project.

At the end, these features were joined together by a cohesive visual design.

What is the timeline of this project?

We have been working on Vector 2022 (originally known as modern Vector) since 2019.

Between early 2020 and mid-2022, we were building and releasing different features on "early adopter" wikis. (You can read more about that in the answer to the question below, points 2–4.) 我们已经完成了该部分。 Vector 2022不再是“测试”了。

Currently, we inform about our intention to introduce Vector 2022 on more wikis.

By the end of March 2023, we hope that Vector 2022 would be the default skin across almost all Wikimedia wikis.

为什么使用“改进”一词?

 
The term early adopter is used in the English Wikipedia article Technology adoption life cycle.

Because we have data indicating that the changes are for the better:

  1. We identified problems through research with both readers and editors. During this phase, in 2019, we studied the way people used the sites and identified the largest usability issues. We also identified issues to exploring the site further, becoming more engaged with reading or editing. We did this by interviewing readers and editors across multiple countries, locations, and languages. See: Research and design: Phase 1, Research and design: Phase 2.
  2. We built and tested prototypes. We built out the ideas of each feature and began showing them to the users. Each feature was tested with readers and editors through interviews and wider rounds of prototype testing. For testing with editors, we used central notice banners. We displayed them across multiple language and Wikimedia projects so that we can get a wide and diverse audience. Each prototype was tested by approximately 200 editors on average. (Example)
  3. We refined and built our features. We took the feedback from the prototype testing and refined or changed the prototypes accordingly. In some cases, we asked for additional feedback to ensure we're making the right decisions.
  4. We contacted various wikis asking to join the early adopters ("pilot wikis"). This was the "beta" phase. On these wikis, we performed quantitative tests for whether each feature worked as expected.
    1. We performed A/B testing on logged-in users. Unfortunately, we are not able to perform these on logged-out users. This is why we make before and after comparisons.
    2. When we had the test results, we compared the results with the criteria of success we had previously defined. When we got negative results from our test, we changed the feature and test again.
    3. Since this phase, we have also monitored usage across all wikis, where many account holders have already been using Vector 2022.

参见:

你们已在哪些wiki测试了这些更改?

The pilot wikis where we have been testing Vector 2022 have been:

使用拉丁字母的维基百科 使用非拉丁字母的维基 姊妹项目
阿拉伯语维基文库
摩洛哥阿拉伯语维基百科
孟加拉语维基百科
加泰罗尼亚语维基百科
德语维基导游
巴斯克语维基百科
波斯语维基百科
法语维基百科
法语维基语录
法语维基词典
印尼语维基百科
希伯来语维基百科
韩文维基百科
波兰语维基新闻
波兰语维基文库
葡萄牙语维基新闻
葡萄牙语维基百科
葡萄牙语维基学院
塞尔维亚语维基百科
泰语维基百科
土耳其语维基百科
威尼斯语维基百科
越南语维基教科书
越南语维基百科

以及:

为什么要命名为Vector 2022和旧版Vector?

新皮肤是旧版Vector很多元素的延续。 它的代码是建立在旧版Vector的基础上的。 我们希望保持功能和视觉上的连续性。

Everything built and meant for legacy Vector should be working with our changes, or can be configured to do so fairly easily.

The version built in 2010 and developed until 2019 has been frozen.

In other words, we will keep and maintain it, but will not be building new features for it.

We use the name Vector 2022 for purely technical reasons.

This name marks when the new Vector was available to third-party wikis as a new skin.

(Third parties mean those who install MediaWiki).

On each wiki, the skin name can be overriden by changing MediaWiki:Skinname-vector-2022.

However, this may cause confusion since it won't change the associated skin key that is used for site and user styles.

参见:

你们会移除旧版Vector吗?

不会。

旧版Vector皮肤仍将作为参数设置中的可选项存在,就像过去的默认皮肤(如Monobook)那样。


 


目标用户

这些改变是为了读者,而不是为了编辑者?

不完全是。

我们的团队 (Web) 致力于提升桌面和移动浏览器的阅读(查看)体验。 既阅读条目又编辑的,以及阅读条目但不编辑的,是用户的主要组成部分。 我们为他们所有人工作,谨记新手与老手有着特定的需求。

该项目的目标是在不提高编辑难度的情况下改善桌面版的阅读体验。

That said, our movement strategy recommendations implore us to improve our user experience in an inclusive manner.

In this spirit, the project has a specific goal of ensuring the free knowledge grows equitably in the future. When building, we made sure to collect the voices of readers from different demographics and geographies.

We also wanted to make their opinions a focus when defining what we were to work on, and evaluating whether a given idea was able to satisfy their needs.

参见:

基金会为编辑者们制作了什么工具?

At the Foundation, there are other teams working on projects dedicated specifically to editors.

其中包括:

你们的修改是否对编辑的统计数据产生了负面影响?

没有。

我们在所有的维基上收集相关统计数据。 与以旧版Vector(2010)作为默认设置的维基相比,以Vector(2022)作为默认设置的维基并没有受到负面影响。

你们的修改是否会使了解wiki社群变得更加困难?

不会。

读者和新编辑者常常被维基媒体项目的侧边栏中大量的链接、选项和探索编辑的方式(换而言之——社群)吓倒。 这是我们研究得到的结果。

我们希望更多的用户参与到社群中。 因此,我们限制了放在外面的链接的数量,希望能将他们的注意力带到最相关的链接上。 所有这些都是与GrowthEditing团队合作完成的。

参见:

你们是否关注维基百科的条目?

是的。

与维基百科或任何其它项目上的其它命名空间相比,维基百科的条目有着最多的浏览量和读者数量。 我们还对其它命名空间的页面和特殊页面进行了调整。 我们特别调整和配置的有:主页、一些姊妹项目的特定页面、特殊页面、2010版维基文本编辑器2017版维基文本编辑器可视化编辑器

我们还一直在与编辑者们合作,以确保他们为讨论页面所做的工作与我们的工作保持一致,并确保讨论页的特殊配置到位。

你们有关注姊妹项目吗?

有!

我们的目标是改变界面的基本元素。 大多数功能都适用于姐妹项目,就像它们对维基百科的改善一样。 我们从项目一开始就在为不同的姊妹项目进行测试和构建。 我们仍然会在必要时对默认功能进行调整。

非维基百科项目,例如法语维基词典,自2020年来也是与我们合作的社群之一。 我们确定我们之间有直接的沟通和反馈。

关于调整,例如,在维基文库上,限制宽度不适用于 页面校对扩展提供的Page命名空间。

Are you focused on English Wikipedia?

No.

We take into account the needs of various communities and test our changes across 30+ languages. We are also inspired by the interface and gadgets built on various wikis, for example Korean and Vietnamese Wikipedias.

你们如何确定这些更改在我的wiki上有效?

你们怎么确定这些修改不是半成品?

我们在wiki上引入更改之前和之后都会进行调整,以确保它们满足各个社群的需求。 如果您认为您的社群会从更多调整和小工具中受益,请参阅:

After making these changes on all wikis, we will work on projects related to Desktop Improvements.

易用性

你们是否已为身心障碍用户测试过修改?

是的。 我们正在与美国盲人基金会合作。 我们正在咨询与Vector 2022的易用性相关的各种问题。 在Phabricator上了解进一步信息

对网络链接较差的用户而言,维基项目是否会更难访问?

不会。

我们希望新皮肤的代码量能与旧版Vector相近。

参见:

Mobile, large screens, and responsiveness

这些更改是否受到了移动版设计的启发?

不是。

这些更改是专为桌面版作出的。 该项目所有相关的研究与测试均仅面向桌面版用户。 We have, however, considered the experiences of people who use desktop in narrower screens (for example, if you have two tabs open side by side).

At this time, we do not have plans to merge the desktop and mobile experiences.

Will the new interface be responsive?

We've been working towards that goal, but it's not an official goal of the project.

If you want to make the interface responsive now and you're using Wikimedia wikis, add the following to your global.js:

if

( mw.config.get("skin") === "vector")

{

document.head.innerHTML += '<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=0.77, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=0">';

}

如果您的社群希望它成为默认设置,请在您的维基上开始讨论,并在达成共识后联系我们We can then make the change.

Will you build a dedicated setting for high resolutions?

We don't have plans to build a specific setting at this time. We want the experience to be optimized for the majority of users, while still providing the tools necessary at all resolutions. We believe the current version of the new skin does this successfully. That said, we encourage personal customization!

参见:

 

Why is the width of the content limited?

Why have you replaced the area used for content by an empty space?

Reading efficiently is crucial to most people using our projects. Our goal here is to improve the readability of the content. There are several factors that affect it – i.e. font size, contrast, font, line length, and empty space.

Shorter lines
  1. When reading short lines, readers don't move their eyes too much, use the eye's muscles less intensively, thus avoiding eye strain.
  2. Narrow paragraphs allow readers to memorize new information better.
  3. On websites, there should be between 35 and 100 characters per line. Numbers closer to the smaller end are preferred.
  4. The overwhelming number of major websites have similar limitations on content width. For example: academic journals like Nature, news websites like The New York Times, government and intergovernmental websites like the United Nations, academic documents like LaTeX, and word processors like Google Docs and Etherpad.
Empty (white) space
  1. White space is used for the eyes' resting spots. It helps readers over the age of 60 focus on content and increases content comprehension by 20%.[1]
  2. People are able to focus more easily without the distraction of sidebars or other elements.
  3. We are using some of this space for other functionality. We have made the sidebar sticky, and have placed the table of contents next to the content. Also, limiting the content area gives us new options for the more distant future. Community members have suggested to put infoboxes, images, or references there. As a separate project, we will consider ways of using this space.

参见:

Why can’t we leave it for readers to narrow their browser windows down?

Most users don't resize their browser windows or use browser plugins to improve the design of the websites they view. Wikis should be good-looking immediately, in their basic form.

Some tables and templates don’t fit within the limited width

We should make sure that all of our content is as responsive as possible to accommodate all visitors. A large percentage of our users, who don’t have large screens and are accessing Wikipedia from their laptops, already had issues with tables and templates even before the change.

Why don’t you just make it a setting?

我们希望它成为默认设置。 我们正在构建一种编辑者与读者共享的体验。 这有助于编辑者考虑页面布局。 当前,编者可能在编辑一个1500px宽度的页面,而读者则在阅读一个1200px宽度的页面。 By implementing a limited width, we don’t remove this discrepancy (because there would still be variation below the max-width, for people with narrower screens), however we would be greatly limiting the range of variation.

Note: 1024px is mentioned as a minimum size to consider in the English Wikipedia Manual of Style, though that’s not quite the same thing.

为什么你们修改了跨语言链接列表?

为什么跨语言链接列表不能留在侧边栏?

 
Vector 2022 language switcher location

因为根据读者的反馈,侧边栏不是一个放置有用链接的地方。 大多数读者关注的是内容部分。 侧边栏的链接实际上是不在他们的视线范围内的。

此外,我们需要增加维基媒体项目的语言版本。

15 年来,该列表一直显示在侧边栏中。 最活跃的用户已经形成了肌肉记忆——可以在那里寻找那个列表。 这就是为什么在侧边栏中,我们放置了一个信息框来提示语言列表换位置了。


维基数据链接会更靠近语言链接列表吗?

会。

“添加跨语言链接”、“编辑跨语言链接”和“维基数据项目”将逐渐成为由语言切换按钮所打开的菜单(“语言菜单”)的一部分。 这是语言工程团队的任务。

How to fix the coordinates displaying incorrectly near the languages button?

  The recommended option   A different option (not recommended)
  • If on your wiki, the coordinates are placed by a Lua module (for example, on French Wikipedia, there's Module:Coordinates), use the following code:
    titleText = frame:extensionTag( 'indicator', tostring(htmlTitle), { name = 'coordinates' }    )
    
  • If on your wiki, the coordinates are placed by a template, follow the instructions on Adding page status indicators.

Use the absolute positioning in the MediaWiki:Common.css, for example:

.skin-vector.skin-vector-legacy #coordinates { top: 0px; }

.skin-vector #coordinates { top: -20px; }

For those who prefer a working example, details on how this was fixed for English Wikipedia can be found here: https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T281974#8869238.

Consider pages which use page status indicators, pages which have banners or site notices, and the look of the pages at lower resolutions.

Why doesn't the button with language links appear at the top of the main page?

We have discovered that readers focus on the content page and ignore the sidebar.

They will be more likely to switch between languages if the button with the language links appears at the top of the page, next to the heading.

On many wikis, headings on main pages are hidden.

This is why the button with language links isn't displayed next to it. Instead, it's at the bottom of the main pages.

It is possible to make it appear at the top, though.

参见:


Why did you change the table of contents?

Why doesn't the table of contents work well on my mobile device or when I resize the browser?

Users on mobile and resized browsers account for a small fraction of page traffic.

Because of this, we chose to build the feature for the majority of our users first.

For narrow screens we plan to make the table of contents available as a sticky interface element that's accessible from anywhere in the page.

Note what is displayed to mobile devices differs from what you see when you resize your browser.

On mobile devices, the site is currently presented as a zoomed out version of the desktop site.

它为什么不在我完成编辑时出现?

这一功能还在开发中(T307251)。 当Vector 2022成为更多wiki的默认皮肤后,我们会进行修复。

Is it possible to change the label indicating the top of the page? ("序言")

可以。

This label should be distinct from the content headings. To do that, wikis written in different scripts (for example, Latin and Japanese) and different Wikimedia projects (Wikipedia and Wiktionary) may need to use different words and/or punctuation marks in this label. It is possible for each community to set up a label that would work just for them. This may be done by editing the page MediaWiki:Vector-toc-beginning.

How can I get both the old and the new table of contents?

这不可能。

We intentionally do not add the old table of contents in addition to the new sidebar location. It's a trade off. We have taken it to reduce the work involved maintaining the code and keeping the site work as well as possible. The old table of contents displayed in addition to the new one would have important technical disadvantages. It would increase the overall size of HTML, increase the storage requirement for our parser cache, and require additional CSS to render.

参见:


How do magic words work with this feature?

The __TOC__ and __FORCETOC__ magic words will not work as the table of contents is always in the sidebar and this cannot be changed.

However, magic words relating to the presence of the table of contents, such as __NOTOC__, will continue to work. So will templates which then create an alternate ToC. For example, an article can disable the default ToC and apply its own if necessary.

All magic words will continue to work for other skins which render the ToC within the article.

I can't see the table of contents when the sidebar is open

这是个已知的问题。

这个问题应该只会影响已打开侧边栏的登录用户。 从长远来看,我们计划缩小这个菜单的尺寸,并让侧边栏覆盖内容。 细节和外观原型可以在T302073中找到。 这一变化计划在今年下半年(2022年10月至12月)进行。 页面工具上有更多信息。

本项目的范围是什么?

你们修改了Monobook或Timeless皮肤吗?

没有。

这些修改仅应用于Vector。 Vector是维基媒体项目2010年开始使用的默认界面。 其它的皮肤,如MonobookTimelessMinervaModern完全不会变动。

不过,在进行桌面版改进时,我们确实清理了旧皮肤的代码。 我们让对旧皮肤进行新更改变得更加容易,并移除了这些皮肤从未使用过的选项及75%的PHP代码。 不过这些对用户所使用的界面没有影响。

参见:

你们将改进图表、地图、信息框元模板、信息框、导航框和其他模板吗?

不会。

We do not change anything within the light gray article content area (except for the table of contents):

 


你们会开发暗黑模式吗?

不会,这次不会。

桌面版改进项目提供了暗黑模式所需的架构。 不过,制作暗黑模式是一个单独的项目。 这是因为该项目需要社群群策群力。 现在,许多模板还没有适配暗黑模式。 我们在开发移动应用程序时了解到了这一点。

最初,我们的暗黑模式将基于用户的操作系统偏好。 我们没有打算增加浏览器内切换的功能。 这是因为我们目前没有能让匿名用户修改参数设置的系统。 不过,这可以在以后添加进来。


这个功能的成功指标是什么?

通过以下措施提高我们现有受众的效用:

  • 互动性
    • 通过项目,增加5%的搜索率/每次会话
    • 通过项目,增加5%的语言切换率
  • 亲和力
    • 增加对网站的正面和喜爱情绪(通过用户调查和测试)
    • 增加信任感和可信度(通过调查和用户测试度量)

当我们更具体地定义要进行的更改时,我们将在此列表上进行扩展和更新。

参考文献

  1. UI Design Newsletter – December, 2005, Human Factors International