MediaWiki

Erweiterung:Missbrauchsfilter

This page is a translated version of the page Extension:AbuseFilter and the translation is 17% complete.
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This extension comes with MediaWiki 1.38 and above. Thus you do not have to download it again. However, you still need to follow the other instructions provided.
MediaWiki extensions manual
AbuseFilter
Release status: stable
Implementation User activity , Special page , API
Description Allows specific behavior-based restrictions to be placed on wiki activity
Author(s)
Compatibility policy Snapshots releases along with MediaWiki. Master is not backward compatible.
Database changes Yes
Composer mediawiki/abuse-filter
Tables abuse_filter
abuse_filter_action
abuse_filter_history
abuse_filter_log
License GNU General Public License 2.0 or later
Download
Download extension
Git [?]:
Parameters
  • $wgAbuseFilterConditionLimit
  • $wgAbuseFilterRangeBlockSize
  • $wgAbuseFilterAnonBlockDuration
  • $wgAbuseFilterLogIPMaxAge
  • $wgAbuseFilterCentralDB
  • $wgAbuseFilterDefaultWarningMessage
  • $wgAbuseFilterEmergencyDisableAge
  • $wgAbuseFilterEnableBlockedExternalDomain
  • $wgAbuseFilterActionRestrictions
  • $wgAbuseFilterActions
  • $wgAbuseFilterProtectedVariables
  • $wgAbuseFilterLogIP
  • $wgAbuseFilterPrivateDetailsForceReason
  • $wgAbuseFilterEmergencyDisableCount
  • $wgAbuseFilterLogPrivateDetailsAccess
  • $wgAbuseFilterSlowFilterRuntimeLimit
  • $wgAbuseFilterEmergencyDisableThreshold
  • $wgAbuseFilterLocallyDisabledGlobalActions
  • $wgAbuseFilterBlockDuration
  • $wgAbuseFilterDefaultDisallowMessage
  • $wgAbuseFilterValidGroups
  • $wgAbuseFilterNotificationsPrivate
  • $wgAbuseFilterBlockAutopromoteDuration
  • $wgAbuseFilterIsCentral
  • $wgAbuseFilterNotifications
Added rights
  • abusefilter-modify
  • abusefilter-log-detail
  • abusefilter-view
  • abusefilter-log
  • abusefilter-privatedetails
  • abusefilter-privatedetails-log
  • abusefilter-modify-restricted
  • abusefilter-revert
  • abusefilter-view-private
  • abusefilter-log-private
  • abusefilter-hidden-log
  • abusefilter-hide-log
  • abusefilter-modify-global
  • abusefilter-modify-blocked-external-domains
  • abusefilter-bypass-blocked-external-domains
  • abusefilter-access-protected-vars
  • abusefilter-protected-vars-log
Hooks used
Hooks provided
Quarterly downloads 126 (Ranked 44th)
Public wikis using 2,939 (Ranked 186th)
Translate the AbuseFilter extension if it is available at translatewiki.net
Issues Open tasks · Report a bug

AbuseFilter

2020 Coolest Tool
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in the category
Quality


Die Missbrauchsfilter-Erweiterung erlaubt privilegierten Benutzern, bestimmte Maßnahmen festzusetzen, die getroffen werden, wenn von Benutzern durchgeführte Handlungen, wie Bearbeitungen, bestimmte Kriterien erfüllen.

Beispielsweise könnte ein Filter erstellt werden, um zu verhindern, dass anonyme Benutzer externe Links hinzufügen, oder um einen Benutzer zu blockieren, der mehr als 2000 Zeichen entfernt.


Installation

  • Die Erweiterung herunterladen und die Datei(en) in ein Verzeichnis namens AbuseFilter im Ordner extensions/ ablegen.
    Developers and code contributors should install the extension from Git instead, using:cd extensions/
    git clone https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/mediawiki/extensions/AbuseFilter
  • Wird von git aus installiert, ist Composer auszuführen, um PHP-Abhängigkeiten zu installieren, indem composer install --no-dev im Erweiterungsverzeichnis ausgeführt wird. (Siehe task T173141 für mögliche Komplikationen.)
  • Folgenden Code am Ende Ihrer LocalSettings.php -Datei hinzufügen: 
    wfLoadExtension( 'AbuseFilter' );
  • Führen Sie das Aktualisierungsskript aus, welches automatisch die notwendigen Datenbanktabellen erstellt, die diese Erweiterung braucht.
  • Configure as required.
  •   Done – Zu Special:Version in dem Wiki (bei Einstellung auf deutsch nach Spezial:Version) navigieren, um die erfolgreiche Installierung der Erweiterung zu überprüfen.

When installing from Git, please note that this extension requires Composer .

So, after installation from Git change to the directory containing the extension e.g. "../extensions/AbuseFilter/" and run composer install --no-dev, or when updating: composer update --no-dev.

Alternatively as well as preferably add the line "extensions/AbuseFilter/composer.json" to the "composer.local.json" file in the root directory of your wiki like e.g. 

{
	"extra": {
		"merge-plugin": {
			"include": [
				"extensions/AbuseFilter/composer.json"
			]
		}
	}
}

Konfiguration

Benutzerrechte

Sobald Sie die Erweiterung installiert haben, müssen Sie die Benutzerrechte in "LocalSettings.php" einrichten.

User rights for AbuseFilter
Recht Beschreibung Notes User groups that have this right by default Versions
abusefilter-modify Missbrauchsfilter erstellen oder bearbeiten Requires the abusefilter-view right sysop 1.19+
abusefilter-view Missbrauchsfilter ansehen * 1.19+
abusefilter-log Missbrauchsfilter-Logbuch einsehen * 1.19+
abusefilter-log-detail Erweitertes Missbrauchsfilter-Logbuch einsehen Requires the abusefilter-log right sysop 1.19+
abusefilter-privatedetails Private Daten im Missbrauchsfilter-Logbuch einsehen Prior to 1.34 this right was named abusefilter-private - Requires the abusefilter-log-detail right — 1.19+
abusefilter-modify-restricted Missbrauchsfilter mit privilegierten Aktionen bearbeiten Requires the abusefilter-modify right sysop 1.19+
abusefilter-revert Alle Bearbeitungen durch einen bestimmten Missbrauchsfilter zurücksetzen sysop 1.19+
abusefilter-view-private Als privat markierte Missbrauchsfilter einsehen Requires the abusefilter-view right (not needed if the group already has the abusefilter-modify right) sysop 1.19+
abusefilter-hide-log Einträge aus dem Missbrauchsfilter-Logbuch ausblenden Requires the abusefilter-log right suppress 1.19+
abusefilter-hidden-log Versteckte Einträge im Missbrauchsfilter-Logbuch einsehen Requires the abusefilter-log right suppress 1.19+
abusefilter-log-private Als privat markierte Einträge im Missbrauchsfilter einsehen Requires the abusefilter-log right (not needed if the group already has the abusefilter-modify or abusefilter-view-private rights) sysop 1.20+
abusefilter-modify-global Globale Missbrauchsfilter erstellen oder verändern Requires the abusefilter-modify right — 1.21+
abusefilter-privatedetails-log Das Missbrauchsfilter-Private-Einzelheiten-Zugriffs-Logbuch ansehen Prior to 1.34 this right was named abusefilter-private-log — 1.31+
abusefilter-modify-blocked-external-domains Erstellen oder Ändern, welche externen Domänen für die Verknüpfung gesperrt sind sysop 1.41+
abusefilter-bypass-blocked-external-domains Umgehung gesperrter externer Domains Requires the edit right bot 1.41+
abusefilter-access-protected-vars Anzeigen und Erstellen von Filtern, die geschützte Variablen verwenden sysop 1.43+
abusefilter-protected-vars-log Anzeigen von Logbüchern zum Zugriff auf geschützte Variablenwerte sysop 1.43+

Die folgende Beispielkonfiguartion würde zum Beispiel Administratoren erlauben, alles mit den Missbrauchsfiltern zu machen, und jedem, das Logbuch und die Einstellungen öffentlicher Filter einzusehen. 

$wgGroupPermissions['sysop']['abusefilter-modify'] = true;
$wgGroupPermissions['*']['abusefilter-log-detail'] = true;
$wgGroupPermissions['*']['abusefilter-view'] = true;
$wgGroupPermissions['*']['abusefilter-log'] = true;
$wgGroupPermissions['sysop']['abusefilter-privatedetails'] = true;
$wgGroupPermissions['sysop']['abusefilter-modify-restricted'] = true;
$wgGroupPermissions['sysop']['abusefilter-revert'] = true;
$wgGroupPermissions['sysop']['abusefilter-access-protected-vars'] = true;
$wgGroupPermissions['sysop']['abusefilter-protected-vars-log'] = true;
Filter, die als privat markiert sind, können nur von Benutzern angesehen werden, die entweder das abusefilter-modify oder das abusefilter-view-private-Recht besitzen.
Protected filters can only be created and viewed by users with the abusefilter-access-protected-vars permission. Logs pertaining to these filters can only be viewed by users with the abusefilter-protected-vars-log permission. For more information, see Rules format .

Parameter

Name der Variablen Standardwert Beschreibung
$wgAbuseFilterActions 
[
    'throttle' => true,
    'warn' => true,
    'disallow' => true,
    'blockautopromote' => true,
    'block' => true,
    'rangeblock' => false,
    'degroup' => false,
    'tag' => true
]
Die möglichen Aktionen, die durch Missbrauchsfilter getätigt werden können. Prüfen Sie beim Hinzufügen einer neuen Aktion, ob sie in $wgAbuseFilterRestrictions eingeschränkt ist, und vergessen Sie zutreffendenfalls nicht, das abusefilter-modify-restricted-Recht zu den entsprechenden Benutzergruppen hinzuzufügen.
$wgAbuseFilterConditionLimit 
1000
Die maximale Anzahl von 'Bedingungen', die jedes Mal verwendet werden können, wenn die Filter gegen eine Änderung ausgeführt werden. (Komplexere Filter erfordern mehr 'Bedingungen').
$wgAbuseFilterValidGroups 
[
    'default'
]
Die Liste der "Gruppen", in die Filter unterteilt werden können. Standardmäßig gibt es nur eine Gruppe. Andere Erweiterungen können weitere Gruppen hinzufügen.
$wgAbuseFilterEmergencyDisableThreshold 
[
    'default' => 0.05
]
Disable a filter if it matched more than 2 edits, constituting more than 5 % of the actions which were checked against the filter's group in the "observed" period (at most one day), and the filter has been changed in the last 86400 seconds (one day). See emergency throttling.
$wgAbuseFilterEmergencyDisableCount 
[
    'default' => 2
]
$wgAbuseFilterEmergencyDisableAge 
[
    'default' => 86400
]
$wgAbuseFilterActionRestrictions 
[
	"throttle" => false,
	"warn" => false,
	"disallow" => false,
	"blockautopromote" => true,
	"block" => true,
	"rangeblock" => true,
	"degroup" => true,
	"tag" => false
]
Benutzer müssen über das Benutzerrecht "abusefilter-modify-restricted" sowie "abusefilter-modify" verfügen, um Filter erstellen oder ändern zu können, die diese Aktionen ausführen.
$wgAbuseFilterNotifications 
false
Ermöglicht die Konfiguration der Erweiterung zum Senden von Trefferbenachrichtigungen an Special:RecentChanges oder UDP. Verfügbare Einstellungen: rc, udp, rcandudp
For sending changes to abuse filters to Special:RecentChanges, use unset($wgLogRestrictions['abusefilter']);.
$wgAbuseFilterNotificationsPrivate 
false
Aktivieren Sie Benachrichtigungen für private Filter.
$wgAbuseFilterCentralDB 
null
MW 1.41+ Name einer Datenbank, in der globale Missbrauchsfilter gespeichert werden (nur in der neuesten Entwicklungsversion unterstützt). Requires CentralAuth installed otherwise global filters will break on a wikifarm.
$wgAbuseFilterIsCentral 
false
MW 1.41+ Setzen Sie diese Variable für das Wiki, in dem globale AbuseFilters gespeichert sind, auf "true" (nur in der neuesten Entwicklungsversion unterstützt). Requires CentralAuth installed otherwise global filters will break on a wikifarm.
$wgAbuseFilterLocallyDisabledGlobalActions 
[
	"throttle" => false,
	"warn" => false,
	"disallow" => false,
	"blockautopromote" => false,
	"block" => false,
	"rangeblock" => false,
	"degroup" => false,
	"tag" => false
]
Disallow Centralised filters from taking actions set as true in this variable.
$wgAbuseFilterBlockDuration 
'indefinite'
Duration of blocks made by AbuseFilter.
ab 1.31.0-wmf.25 können Blockdauern für jeden einzelnen Filter angegeben werden und überschreiben diese Variable. This variable is only used when enabling the block in order to preselect a default duration.
$wgAbuseFilterAnonBlockDuration 
null
Duration of blocks made by AbuseFilter on users who are not logged in. The value of $wgAbuseFilterBlockDuration will be used if this is not set.
as of 1.31.0-wmf.25 block durations may be specified for every single filter and will override this variable. This variable is only used when enabling the block in order to preselect a default duration.
$wgAbuseFilterBlockAutopromoteDuration 
5
Duration, in days, for which users' autopromotion is blocked by filters.
$wgAbuseFilterDefaultWarningMessage 
[
    'default' => 'abusefilter-warning'
]
Default warning messages, per filter group
$wgAbuseFilterDefaultDisallowMessage 
[
    'default' => 'abusefilter-disallowed'
]
Default disallow messages, per filter group
$wgAbuseFilterLogIP 
true
Whether to include IP in the abuse_filter_log
$wgAbuseFilterLogIPMaxAge 
3 * 30 * 24 * 3600
Age used as cutoff when purging old IP log data. Defaults to 3 months. Used by maintenance script purgeOldLogIPData.php.
$wgAbuseFilterProfileActionsCap 
10000
Number of action that determines when to reset profiling stats.
$wgAbuseFilterLogPrivateDetailsAccess 
false
Whether accessing private information from a filter log entry is logged.
$wgAbuseFilterPrivateDetailsForceReason 
false
Whether users are forced to provide a reason for accessing private information from a filter log entry.
$wgAbuseFilterSlowFilterRuntimeLimit 
500
Runtime in milliseconds before a filter is considered slow.
$wgAbuseFilterRangeBlockSize 
[
    'IPv4' => '16',
    'IPv6' => '19',
]
Size of the range blocked by 'rangeblock' action.
$wgAbuseFilterProtectedVariables 
[ "user_unnamed_ip" ]
Array of variables that are be considered protected (limited access) and require the abusefilter-access-protected-vars right to use/view.

Emergency throttling

AbuseFilter comes with a feature that automatically throttles (disables) filters that have been edited recently and match a certain threshold of the latest actions.

This is done to prevent harmful edits on the filters to block every user that performs an action on the wiki or similar.

The condition to disable the filter depend on those variables:

  • $wgAbuseFilterEmergencyDisableThreshold - Percent of matches over the total amount of actions in the observed period.
  • $wgAbuseFilterEmergencyDisableCount - Count of matches of the filter in the observed period.
  • $wgAbuseFilterEmergencyDisableAge - Age of the filter to take it into account. If the last edit of the filter is older than this number of seconds, the filter won't be throttled, unless it's already throttled.

Throttled filters can be identified in the list of filters (Special:AbuseFilter) with the state Aktiviert, Hohe Trefferquote. Throttling happens silently, and there's no way to see when a filter got throttled, except when Extension:Echo is installed, then a notification is sent to the user who was last to modify the filter.

When a filter gets throttled, it doesn't perform any dangerous action (actions usually restricted to special rights like blocking the user, or removing it from groups, controlled by $wgAbuseFilterActionRestrictions), and only "safe" actions are allowed (the ones that can warn or prevent the ongoing action). Throttled filters don't get enabled automatically. To disable the throttling, you need to edit the filter. Note that you need to actually change something from the filter: changing something from the filter's notes is sufficient.

Note that editing the filter updates its age, and can cause it to be disabled if it reaches again the conditions to be throttled in a short period since the last edit, leading to a unusable filter if your wiki has more abuse edits than legitimate ones.

Creating and managing filters

Once the extension has been installed, filters can be created/tested/changed/deleted and the logs can be accessed from the Abuse filter management page Special:AbuseFilter.

  • To import filters from Wikipedia: When you have installed the extension, go to w:Special:AbuseFilter, choose a filter (say w:Special:AbuseFilter/3), then click "Export this filter to another wiki", copy the text, go to "Special:AbuseFilter/import" on your wiki, paste the text.

API

AbuseFilter adds two API list modules, one for details of abuse filters ("abusefilters") and one for the abuse log, since it is separate from other MediaWiki logs ("abuselog"). It is not possible to create or modify abuse filters using the API.

list = abusefilters

List information about filters

Parameter
  • abfstartid - The filter id to start enumerating from
  • abfendid - The filter id to stop enumerating at
  • abfdir - The direction in which to enumerate (older, newer)
  • abfshow - Show only filters which meet these criteria (enabled|!enabled|deleted|!deleted|private|!private|protected|!protected)
  • abflimit - The maximum number of filters to list
  • abfprop - Which properties to get (id|description|pattern|actions|hits|comments|lasteditor|lastedittime|status|private)

When filters are private, some of the properties specified with abfprop will be missing unless you have the appropriate user rights.

Beispiele
List non-private abuse filters
api.php?action=query&list=abusefilters&abfshow=!private&abfprop=id|hits [try in ApiSandbox]
Result
{
    "batchcomplete": "",
    "continue": {
        "abfstartid": 18,
        "continue": "-||"
    },
    "query": {
        "abusefilters": [
            {
                "id": 1,
                "hits": 41430
            },
            {
                "id": 3,
                "hits": 957485
            },
            {
                "id": 5,
                "hits": 5931
            },
            {
                "id": 6,
                "hits": 19
            },
            {
                "id": 8,
                "hits": 7
            },
            {
                "id": 9,
                "hits": 41354
            },
            {
                "id": 11,
                "hits": 132971
            },
            {
                "id": 12,
                "hits": 139693
            },
            {
                "id": 14,
                "hits": 63
            },
            {
                "id": 15,
                "hits": 15
            }
        ]
    }
}

list = abuselog

List instances where actions triggered an abuse filter.

Parameters
  • aflstart - The timestamp to start enumerating from
  • aflend - The timestamp to stop enumerating at
  • afldir - The direction in which to enumerate (older, newer)
  • afluser - Show only entries where the action was attempted by a given user or IP address.
  • afltitle - Show only entries where the action involved a given page.
  • aflfilter - Show only entries that triggered a given filter ID
  • afllimit - The maximum number of entries to list
  • aflprop - Which properties to get: (ids|filter|user|ip|title|action|details|result|timestamp|hidden|revid|wiki)
Example
List instances where the abuse filter was triggered in response to actions from the user "SineBot"
api.php?action=query&list=abuselog&afluser=SineBot&aflprop=ids [try in ApiSandbox]
Result
{
    "batchcomplete": "",
    "continue": {
        "aflstart": "2018-03-06T02:34:18Z",
        "continue": "-||"
    },
    "query": {
        "abuselog": [
            {
                "id": 27219261,
                "filter_id": "1073"
            },
            {
                "id": 26938051,
                "filter_id": ""
            },
            {
                "id": 23388942,
                "filter_id": "1"
            },
            {
                "id": 22044912,
                "filter_id": ""
            },
            {
                "id": 22032235,
                "filter_id": ""
            },
            {
                "id": 22032196,
                "filter_id": ""
            },
            {
                "id": 21983882,
                "filter_id": ""
            },
            {
                "id": 20594818,
                "filter_id": "904"
            },
            {
                "id": 20593489,
                "filter_id": "904"
            },
            {
                "id": 20590442,
                "filter_id": "904"
            }
        ]
    }
}

Mögliche Fehler

  • Some users might experience that creating new filters or modifying old filters fail and the user just gets redirected to the original page. If the Wiki is using SSL certificates, this error could possibly be because of the $wgServer value, which might be using "http://" instead of "https://". An indication of this error will be, the browser giving https warning for Special:AbuseFilter pages. (Topic:T23dyyih0ofjada5)

Integration with other extensions

You can integrate AbuseFilter with other extension in various ways.

Adding variables for filtering

It is possible to add new variables, to be used in abuse filters. A list of examples is available . To do that, you should:

  • Add a handler for the AbuseFilter-builder hook. To add a variable, you should use $builder['vars']['variable_name'] = 'i18n-key';, where variable_name is the name of the variable, and i18n-key is the fragment of an i18n key. The full key will be abusefilter-edit-builder-vars-{$your_key}.
  • Add the i18n messages you chose at the previous point.
  • Choose a hook handler where the variable will be computed. Depending on your use case, you could:
    • Implement the AbuseFilter-generateTitleVars hook; this is specifically thought for page-related variables;
    • Implement the AbuseFilter-generateUserVars hook; this is specifically thought for user-related variables;
    • Implement the AbuseFilter-generateGenericVars hook; this is for variables not bound to a specific page or user;
    • Implement the AbuseFilterAlterVariables hook; this is a bit more flexible than the other hooks, but it has a downside: your variable will not be available when examining past RecentChanges entries. If you want to implement that feature (and it's recommended to do so), you should use one of the hooks listed above, and use its third parameter ($RCRow).
  • Inside the hook handler, there are two ways to add a variable:
    • The "direct" way is calling $vars->setVar( 'var_name', var_value );. This is ideal only when the value is easy and quick to compute: the value is computed even if no active filter will use it.
    • The "lazy" way is calling $vars->setLazyLoadVar( 'var_name', 'method_name', $params );. Here, 'method_name' is a (unique) identifier that will be used to compute the variable (it's recommended to prefix it with the name of your extension). To register the method, you should add a handler for the AbuseFilter-computeVariable hook; therein, you should check if the $method passed matches your 'method_name', and if so, compute the variable. Lastly, $params is an array of parameters that you'll need to compute the variable; these are passed to the computeVariable hook handler. For an example of this, you can check out CentralAuth's global_user_groups.

Adding custom actions

You can add custom action handlers, so that each filter may perform further actions. To do that, you choose a name for the action ('my-action' from now on), and then:

  • Create a class named e.g. MyAction, that should extend \MediaWiki\Extension\AbuseFilter\Consequence, which can also implement HookAborterConsequence or ConsequencesDisablerConsequence
  • Add a subscriber to the AbuseFilterCustomActions hook; the subscriber should provide a callback as documented in the hook documentation, that returns an instance of the class created above, for instance:
class MyAction extends \MediaWiki\Extension\AbuseFilter\Consequence {
    public function run() {
        throw new \Exception( 'Write me' );
    }
}

public function onAbuseFilterCustomActions( &$actions ) {
    $actions[] = function ( \MediaWiki\Extension\AbuseFilter\Consequence\Parameters $params, array $rawParams ) : MyConsequence {
        return new MyAction( $params, $rawParams );
    };
}

Then you should add the following i18n messages; you can replace 'my_action' with e.g. 'block' to see what the messages are for:

  • 'abusefilter-edit-action-${my_action}'
  • 'abusefilter-action-${my_action}'

Adding rule groups

You can also add extra rule groups, which can be used to group existing abuse filters. Note that, at the moment, each filter can only be in a single group (T116642). Currently, the only known consumer of this feature is Extension:StructuredDiscussions . To do that, you should:

  • Append the name of the group to $wgAbuseFilterValidGroups.
  • Add some code to run the filters with your group. Note that AbuseFilter won't do that on its own. To do that, you should construct an AbuseFilterRunner object, passing in the name of your group.

Siehe auch

Retrieved from "https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Extension:AbuseFilter/de-formal&oldid=6884914"