MediaWiki

Làm thế nào để trở thành một MediaWiki hacker

This page is a translated version of the page How to become a MediaWiki hacker and the translation is 12% complete.
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Mục này được viết nhằm giúp những nhà phát triển tìm hiểu những kỹ năng cần thiết để góp phần vào sự phát triển của Những phần quan trọng nhất của MediaWiki và phần mở rộng của MediaWiki. Note that in most cases when working with MediaWiki, you do not want to hack MediaWiki core unless you really know what you're doing.

The main path to get started with Wikimedia development is to contribute to Wikimedia projects that offer mentoring. An alternative without mentoring is to fix a good first bug.

Nếu bạn là nhà phát triển có kinh nghiệm, xin mời chuyển sang Developer hub .

Các cách khác để tham gia vào cộng đồng Wikimedia, xem mục 'Đóng góp như thế nào '

Giới thiệu

MediaWiki là phần mềm cung cấp Wikipedia, các dự án liên quan và hàng ngàn wikis trên toàn thế giới.

MediaWiki is written in the PHP programming language[1]. It uses jQuery as the client JavaScript library.

MediaWiki is primarily written for the LAMP platform[2] and runs on most operating systems. MediaWiki primarily uses the MySQL or MariaDB database servers.[3]

Development happens in an open source style[4], is largely coordinated online, and supported by the Wikimedia Foundation, though volunteer community developers play a huge part as well.

The main developer list is wikitech-l. The main developer IRC channels are #mediawiki and #wikimedia-dev.

  • Source code is managed using the Git revision control system.[5]
  • Code review is performed on Gerrit .

Follow this tutorial to set up Git and Gerrit in order to submit patches.

Trang này sẽ giúp bạn bắt đầu trên con đường trở thành một cộng tác viên/người đóng góp cho MediaWiki Nó không thuộc về hướng dẫn, nó chỉ hướng bạn đến nhiều nơi nơi mà bạn có thể học hỏi bất cứ thứ gì bạn cần

Set up your development environment

Trước hết, hãy vào $dev và Special:MyLanguage/Gerrit/Tutorial để tải về bộ mã, kiểm tra nó và gửi các bản vá lỗi. Then you can move on to downloading our code, making changes, testing them, and submitting patches. Có 2 cách để thiết lập môi trường phát triển của bạn: dùng một máy ảo được thiết lập sẵn để cài đặt (Vagrant) hoặc cài đặt bằng tay( cài đặt thủ công)

Máy ảo với công cụ Vagrant

  • Vagrant installation - Bước này sẽ cài đặt máy chủ MediaWiki với tất cả yêu cầu bên trong một máy ảo Linux (có thể dùng trên các host Linux, Windows hoặc Mac)

Docker development environment

  • MediaWiki Docker – Run MediaWiki using Docker (can be used on Linux, Windows or macOS hosts).

Cài đặt thủ công

  • Installation requirements - Kiểm tra yêu cầu phần cứng và cài đặt một server LAMP, MAMP hoặc WAMP ( Linux, Mac hoặc Windows, plus Apache, MySQL/MariaDB và PHP).

Không nhất thiết phải tải về cơ sở dữ liệu Wikipedia để phát triển các đặc tính của MediaWiki. thực tế, trong nhiều trường hợp sẽ dễ dàng hơn khi dùng một cơ sở dữ liệu gần như là trống với một vài trang thử nghiệm thủ công riêng biệt. However, if for some reason you want to have a copy of Wikipedia, you can get a dump.

Communication tips and guidelines

Xem khi một nhà phát triển sửa lỗi, bao gồm điều tra, git commit, nhận nó để xem lại và hợp nhất, đóng thẻ Bugzilla (hiện nay được thay bởi Phabricator )
  • Do your research first: When you decide to work on a task, you are expected to do some basic research yourself first: Look at the code, try to get some understanding what it is supposed to do, read related documentation, try to find the probable place(s) where you need to make code changes. For a general overview, please read the Basics to know.
    • In a Phabricator task, see the project tags in the side bar to find out which code repository a task is about.
  • Ask and discuss in the best place:
    • In Phabricator tasks, discuss only specific questions about the topic of that very Phabricator task. General technical questions (e.g. how to set up a development environment or problems with Gerrit) are off-topic in Phabricator tasks.
    • For general technical questions, ask the broader Wikimedia community and use generic channels like IRC chat or mailing lists. (If you take part in an outreach program, then you can also use Zulip's technical-support stream.)
    • If you take part in an outreach program, then Zulip is for discussing questions about the outreach programs themselves.
  • Ask good questions: "Can you give me more info?", "Please guide me", "Please tell me how to start" are not good comments to start with: The more specific your questions are, the more likely somebody can answer them quickly. If you have no idea at all how to fix the bug, maybe that bug is not (yet) for you – consider finding an easier one first.
  • Provide context: When asking, explain what you want to achieve, and what you have tried and found out already, so others can help at the right level. Be specific – for example, copy and paste your commands and their output (if not too long) instead of paraphrasing in your own words. This avoids misunderstandings.
  • Ask in public: Do not send private messages if your conversation topic is not secret. Private messages do not help others.
  • Be patient when seeking input and comments, especially during weekends and holidays.
    • On IRC, don't ask to ask, just ask: most questions can be answered by other community members too if you ask on an IRC channel. If nobody answers, please try again at a different time; don't just give up.
    • Do not ask people immediately for code review in a separate message. People receive Gerrit and Phabricator notifications.
  • Keep conversations readable: When you reply in Zulip, in Phabricator tasks, or on mailing lists, please avoid unneeded quoting of a complete previous comment. Provide sufficient context and keep threads readable.
  • Follow the code of conduct for Wikimedia technical spaces.
  • When you plan to work on a Phabricator task:
    • No need to ask for permission: Usually there is no reason to ask if you can work on something or if somebody could assign a task to you. There is no authority who assigns tasks or who needs to be asked first.
    • You do not need to announce your plans before you start working on a task but it would be welcome. At the latest when you are close to proposing a patch for a task, it is good to announce that you are working on it, so that others don't duplicate work: If nobody else is already assigned, set yourself as task assignee by using the Add Action… → Assign/Claim dropdown.
    • Tasks with existing patches:
      • If a task already has a recent patch in Gerrit, choose a different task to work on instead – avoid duplicating work.
      • If an existing patch in Gerrit has not been merged and has not seen any changes for a long time, you could also improve that existing patch, based on the feedback in Gerrit and in the task.
    • When your plans or interests change: If you don't work on a task anymore, please remove yourself as the assignee of the task, so others know that they can work on the task and don't expect you to still work on it.

By communicating clearly and early you get attention, feedback and help from community members.

Appendix

 
MediaWiki contributors at work in Bangalore, India.

PHP

MediaWiki is written in PHP, so you'll need to get familiar with PHP to hack MediaWiki's core.

Learn PHP
  • PHP tutorial — Available in many different languages. If you have no knowledge of PHP but know how to program in other object-oriented programming languages, PHP will be easy for you to learn.
  • PHP Programming at Wikibooks.
  • PHP topic at Wikiversity.
PHP resources
Stuff to know
  • The script maintenance/eval.php in MediaWiki provides a basic PHP interpreter with MediaWiki objects and classes loaded.
  • Also, the script maintenance/shell.php in MediaWiki is a replacement of maintenance/eval.php based on PsySH, see Manual:Shell.php.

Database

Many features require some amount of database manipulation, so you'll often need to be familiar with MySQL/MariaDB.

Learn MySQL/MariaDB
MySQL/MariaDB resources
Stuff to know
  • Test your code with MySQL/MariaDB.
    • MediaWiki currently uses MySQL and MariaDB as the primary database back-end. It also supports other DBMSes, such as PostgreSQL and SQLite. However, almost all developers use MySQL/MariaDB and don't test other DBs, which consequently break on a regular basis. You're therefore advised to use MySQL/MariaDB when testing patches, unless you're specifically trying to improve support for another DB. In the latter case, make sure you're careful not to break MySQL/MariaDB (or write queries that are horribly inefficient in it), since MySQL/MariaDB is what everybody else uses.

JavaScript and CSS

JavaScript and CSS have become omnipresent in front-end code.

You don't have to be familiar with JavaScript, jQuery and CSS to work on MediaWiki, but you might need to, depending on what you choose to work on.

Learn JavaScript and CSS
JavaScript and CSS resources

MediaWiki

The MediaWiki code base is large and some parts are ugly; don't be overwhelmed by it. When you're first starting off, aim to write features or fix bugs which only touch a small region of code.

MediaWiki basics and must-reads
MediaWiki resources

MediaWiki extensions

If you choose to work on MediaWiki extensions code, the following links provide more information.

MediaWiki extensions basics:
MediaWiki extensions resources:

See also

  1. ↑ Not all of MediaWiki is written in PHP. Some supporting tools are written in other languages, including batch files, shell scripts, makefiles and Python.
  2. ↑ MediaWiki runs on most platforms that can support PHP, however, the lack of certain utilities or operating system features may limit the functionality or performance of MediaWiki on non-LAMP platforms.
  3. ↑ MediaWiki has support for DBMS other than MySQL and MariaDB, including Oracle, PostgreSQL, SQLite, and Microsoft SQL Server.
  4. ↑ Developers are a mix of volunteers and paid staff (or contractors) for various organizations. For a full list of who works on the MediaWiki code, read the Developers article.
  5. ↑ Browse the source code and revisions of code repositories at https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/diffusion/ or download the source code to your system by using Gerrit.
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