Руководство:Регистрация расширений

This page is a translated version of the page Manual:Extension registration and the translation is 12% complete.

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Расширения :

Версия MediaWiki:

≥ 1.25

Регистрация расширения - механизм, который MediaWiki использует для загрузки расширений и стилей оформления(skin). Вы помещаете конфигурационные данные в файл extension.json или skin.json в корневой директории вашего расширения или темы оформления, и MediaWiki использует его, что бы зарегистрировать расширение или тему оформления.

If you were looking for documentation on installing extensions instead, see this guide.

Возможности

Атрибуты

Повторяющаяся проблема - как "зарегистрировать" что-то с другим расширением. For instance, the VisualEditor (VE) extension offers the VisualEditorPluginModules hook, which other extensions can use to register a module with VE. If the Math extension were to register a module with VE, it would have something like the following in its extension.json:

manifest version 2	manifest version 1
The `attributes` node needs to be an object with the extension name as key and an object of attribute/value pairs as the value. Be aware that the key in the subobject must not contain the extension name! { "attributes": { "VisualEditor": { "PluginModules": [ "ext.math.visualEditor" ] } }, "manifest_version": 2 }	Manifest version 1 does not have a separate section for `attributes`: { "VisualEditorPluginModules": [ "ext.math.visualEditor" ] }

Когда VisualEditor хочет получить доступ к атрибуту, он использует:

ExtensionRegistry::getInstance()->getAttribute( 'VisualEditorPluginModules' );

Требования (зависимости)

Extension registration has a requires section, which acts similar to Composer's require section. It allows an extension developer to specify several requirements for the extension, such as a specific MediaWiki version (or greater/less than) or another extension/skin. For example, to add a dependency on a MediaWiki version that is greater than 1.26.0, you can add the following code to extension.json: ^[1]

{
	"requires": {
		"MediaWiki": ">= 1.26.0"
	}
}

The key of the requires object is the name of the dependency (prior to MediaWiki 1.29.0 only MediaWiki was supported), the value is a valid version constraint (the format has to match the one used by Composer).

In MediaWiki 1.29.0 and above you can also add dependencies on skins and other extensions like so:

{
	"requires": {
		"MediaWiki": ">= 1.29.0",
		"extensions": {
			"ExampleExtension": "*"
		},
		"skins": {
			"ExampleSkin": "*"
		}
	}
}

The extensions and skins specified here must also use the extension registrations system described on this page for this to work.
The string added to specify the extension or skin must be identical to the string specified in the "name" field of the respective "extension.json" or "skin.json" file.

For extensions using Wikimedia continuous integration, dependencies also need to be added to zuul/parameter_functions.py

In MediaWiki 1.33.0(?!??) and above you can also add dependencies on PHP like so:

{
	"requires": {
		"MediaWiki": ">= 1.33.0",
		"platform": {
			"php": ">= 7.0.3"
		}
	}
}

Check if an extension is loaded without actually requiring it

Many extensions may provide features that work only if another extension is loaded too, without really needing this feature for the core extension function to work. As an example: If extension B is loaded, extension A can provide a real WYSIWYG editor, otherwise it will use a simple textarea. Extension A can profit from extension B (if it is loaded), but doesn't require it to be loaded to work properly. For this, you generally check if the extension is loaded, rather than adding it as a hard dependency.

To implement a standardized way of checking if an extension is loaded or not (without the need of extra work in an extension that is a soft-dependency in another one), extension registration can be used. It implements an isLoaded method, which returns a simple boolean that indicates whether the extension is loaded or not (the extension needs to be loaded with extension registration for this to work). Example:

if ( ExtensionRegistry::getInstance()->isLoaded( 'ExtensionB' ) ) {
	// do things only if extension B is loaded
}

Версия MediaWiki:

≥ 1.32

Gerrit change 455752

Since MediaWiki 1.32 it's also possible to check if an extension is loaded and satisfies a given Composer version constraint:

if ( ExtensionRegistry::getInstance()->isLoaded( 'ExtensionB', '>=1.2' ) ) {
	// do things only if extension B is loaded and has a version of 1.2 or greater.
}

If you would like to check if a specific version of an extension is loaded in earlier versions of MediaWiki, information like that can be extracted with the getAllThings method, which returns credit information for all loaded extensions. Example:

$bVersion = ExtensionRegistry::getInstance()->getAllThings()['ExtensionB']['version'] ?? null;
if ( $bVersion !== null && version_compare( $bVersion, '2.1.0', '>=' ) ) {
	// do things only if extension B is loaded and has a version number greater than or equal to 2.1.0
}

Alternatively, if the extension B defines a special constant meant for this purpose during loading, it is possible to check if it is defined:

if ( defined( 'ExtensionBVersion' ) ) { // You could also check for a version if the constant holds the version
	// do things only if extension B is loaded
}

A more brittle way that should be avoided is to check if a specific class of extension B exists or not, e.g. using this code:

if ( class_exists( 'ExtensionBHooks' ) ) {
	// do things only if extension B's classes exist
}

This might break if the extension exists in the file system but is not loaded, e.g. if Composer was used for autoloading. If the class was renamed or ceases to exist (e.g. because it is not package public) this will also break.

In general it is preferred to share code via Composer components instead of extensions. If the classes of an extension only need to exist, but the extension does not need to be configured nor loaded for what you want to do, that is a strong indicator that that code should be split off into a Composer component you should depend on instead.

Конфиги (настройки вашего расширения/стиля)

By default, extension.json assumes that your config settings start with a "wg" prefix.

If that's not the case, you can override the prefix by using a special key:

{
	"config": {
		"_prefix": "eg",
		"MyExtSetting": true
	}
}

That would use a prefix of "eg", and set the global variable $egMyExtSetting to true.

Starting with manifest version 2, the configuration section of extension registration provides a lot more features and allows you to describe your configuration options with much more detail. Instead of having a single key -> value store for your configuration options, you can also add the following information.

The general structure of the config changes slightly to the following, more object-oriented version:

{
	"config_prefix": "eg",
	"config": {
		"MyExtSetting": {
			"value": true,
			"path": false,
			"description": "The description for the configuration",
			"descriptionmsg": "myextension-config-myextsetting",
			"public": true
		}
	},
	"manifest_version": 2
}

value

The value of the configuration moved to this place. This is the only required key for a configuration object.

path

The boolean value of the path key identifies if the value of the configuration option should be interpreted as a filesystem path, relative to the extension directory root. E.g., if the value of the configuration is myFile.png and the path is true, the actual value will be /path/to/the/wiki/extensions/MyExtension/myFile.png.

description

The description key for a configuration option can hold a non-localized string, which can be used to explain the configuration option to other developers or the users (system administrators) of your extension. It may also be used as tooltip text on the parameters section of the extension infobox on the MediaWiki.org extension description page. The value of the description key is usually not exposed to the frontend of the wiki, however, take a look to the outlook for more information how this feature could be used in the future!

descriptionmsg

There's also the possibility to add a message key of MediaWiki's internal localisation system as a description (descriptionmsg), which, in the future, will be used to expose the description in the frontend of the MediaWiki installation.

public / private

This option is a boolean, which defaults to false, which means that the configuration option and the value is marked as "private". This value is not used anywhere at the moment, take a look to the outlook to find out more about this option.

Outlook

Отслеживается в Фабрикаторе
Задание T155155

The mentioned changes above are also preparation steps for an improved configuration management in MediaWiki. The above changes allow us to, e.g., expose the configuration options of extensions in the MediaWiki UI. For this, the localised description message (descriptionmsg and description) and the indication of whether the configuration option should be exposed or not (public) is needed.

Unit tests auto-discovery

MediaWiki allows any extension to register phpunit tests. Without extension registration, you would need to register a hook handler for the UnitTestsList hook, which would look something like:

public static function onUnitTestsList( array &$paths ) {
	$paths[] = __DIR__ . '/tests/phpunit/';
}

(as described on the manual page). However, this code looks the same for a lot of extensions, so you could call it unnecessary code duplication. If your extension uses extension registration and your phpunit tests are located in the tests/phpunit/ subdirectory of your extension, the phpunit wrapper of MediaWiki will autodiscover the unit tests with the help of extension registration. Therefore, you don't need to register the hook anymore and you don't need to specify that your unit tests are saved in the default directory.

Tracking categories

Версия MediaWiki:

≥ 1.25

Since MediaWiki 1.25, any categories that an extension wants listed at Special:TrackingCategories must be registered in extension.json:

{
	"TrackingCategories": [
		"myextension-tracking-category"
	]
}

myextension-tracking-category is a system message which holds the category name. The extension adds it to pages by calling Parser::addTrackingCategory().

Кастомизация регистрации

See Manual:Extension.json/Schema#callback.

Также composer.json

If an extension or skin has library dependencies, it may have a composer.json file as well, see Manual:Composer.json best practices . Use the load_composer_autoloader field to make MediaWiki use Composer's autoloading when appropriate.

Some metadata fields overlap between extension.json and composer.json (discussed in T89456), including: