MediaWiki

Extension:ConfirmEdit

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Cette extension est fournie avec MediaWiki 1.18 et supérieur. Ainsi vous n'avez pas besoin de la télécharger à nouveau. Néanmoins, vous devez encore suivre les autres instructions fournies.
Manuel des extensions MediaWiki
ConfirmEdit
État de la version : stable
Implémentation Action de page
Description Ajoute des CAPTCHA pour les enregistrements de pages et d'autres actions utilisateur
Auteur(s)
  • Brion Vibber
  • Florian Schmidt
  • Sam Reed
Dernière version 1.6.0 (Mises à jour continues)
Politique de compatibilité Versions ponctuelles alignées avec MediaWiki. Le master n'est pas compatible arrière.
MediaWiki 1.31+
PHP 5.5.9+
Licence Licence publique générale GNU v2.0 ou supérieur
Téléchargement
Télécharger l'extension
Git [?]:
Paramètres
  • $wgAllowConfirmedEmail
  • $wgCaptchaBadLoginExpiration
  • $wgCaptchaTriggersOnNamespace
  • $wgCaptchaStorageClass
  • $wgCaptchaSessionExpiration
  • $wgCaptchaRegexes
  • $wgCaptchaWhitelistIP
  • $wgCaptchaWhitelist
  • $wgCaptchaTriggers
  • $wgCaptchaBadLoginPerUserAttempts
  • $wgCaptchaBadLoginPerUserExpiration
  • $wgCaptcha
  • $wgCaptchaBadLoginAttempts
Accroches utilisées
Téléchargements trimestriels 221 (Ranked 52nd)
Utilisé par les wikis publics 957 (Ranked 278th)
Traduire l’extension ConfirmEdit sur translatewiki.net si elle y est disponible
Rôle Vagrant confirmedit
Problèmes Tâches ouvertes · Signaler un bogue

L'extension ConfirmEdit vous permet d'utiliser différentes techniques CAPTCHA, pour essayer d'empêcher spambots et d'autres outils automatisés de modifier votre wiki, ainsi que pour déjouer les tentatives de connexion automatisées qui tentent de deviner les mots de passe.

ConfirmEdit est livré avec plusieurs techniques/modules pour générer captcha.

Module Description Efficacité de l'arrêt du spam
SimpleCaptcha Les utilisateurs doivent résoudre un problème de mathématiques "simple". Faible
FancyCaptcha Les utilisateurs doivent identifier une série de caractères, affichés de manière stylisée. Faible
MathCaptcha Les utilisateurs doivent résoudre un problème mathématique affiché sous forme d'image. Faible
QuestyCaptcha Les utilisateurs doivent répondre à une question, à partir d'une série de questions définies par le ou les administrateurs. Très haut, jusqu'à fissuration
ReCaptcha NoCaptcha Les utilisateurs sont présentés avec un contrôle de l'humanité basé sur JavaScript. Si la vérification échoue, un puzzle est présenté. Moyen à faible
hCaptcha Semblable à reCAPTCHA, mais est sans doute plus efficace que reCAPTCHA en raison de ses different approach to accessibility-friendly captchas. Inconnu

Certains de ces modules nécessitent un travail d'installation supplémentaire :

  • MathCaptcha nécessite à la fois la présence de TeX et, pour les versions de MediaWiki après 1.17, l'extension Math  ;
  • FancyCaptcha nécessite l'exécution d'un script de configuration préliminaire dans Python.


Inconvénients

Les CAPTCHA réduisent l'accessibilité et causent des inconvénients aux utilisateurs humains.

Ils ne sont pas non plus 100% efficaces contre les robots, et ils ne protégeront pas votre wiki des spammeurs qui sont prêts et capables d'utiliser le travail humain pour passer par les CAPTCHA. Vous pouvez utiliser ConfirmEdit avec d'autres fonctionnalités anti-spam. Quelle que soit la solution que vous utilisez, si vous avez un wiki publiquement modifiable, il est important de continuer à surveiller la page "Modifications récentes".

Installation

ConfirmEdit may not work if used with a MediaWiki version different from the one specified when downloading via the "Extension distributor".
  • Téléchargez et placez le(s) fichier(s) dans un répertoire appelé ConfirmEdit dans votre dossier extensions/.
  • Ajoutez le code suivant à la fin de votre fichier LocalSettings.php  : 
    wfLoadExtension( 'ConfirmEdit' );
  • Activez le type de CAPTCHA qui devrait être utilisé
  • Configurez selon les besoins
  •   Fait – Accédez à Special:Version sur votre wiki pour vérifier que l'extension a bien été installée.


Installation Vagrant :

  • Si vous utilisez Vagrant , installez avec vagrant roles enable confirmedit --provision

CAPTCHA types

There are numerous different CAPTCHA types included with ConfirmEdit.

QuestyCaptcha

This module presents a question and the user supplies the answer. You provide the questions in the configuration. This module has proven to offer a strong mechanism against spambots; it also should have the advantage of a better accessibility, as textual questions can be read by text-to-speech software allowing visually impaired users (but not bots) to answer correctly.

Add the following to LocalSettings.php to enable this CAPTCHA, editing the Q&A: 

wfLoadExtensions([ 'ConfirmEdit', 'ConfirmEdit/QuestyCaptcha' ]);

// Add your questions in LocalSettings.php using this format:
$wgCaptchaQuestions = [
	'What is the capital of France?' => 'Paris',
	'What is the capital of Spain' => 'MADRID', // Answers are case insensitive
	'What is the name of this wiki?' => $wgSitename, // You can use variables
	'How many fingers does a hand have?' => [ 5, 'five' ], // A question may have many answers
];

You can also configure ConfirmEdit's triggers and other options. If the Captcha does not appear, add the following below the extension code. By setting any individual option to true, the Captcha will be triggered when performing the named action. Otherwise, you can write false to disable Captcha for this action. 

$wgMainCacheType = CACHE_ANYTHING;
$wgCaptchaTriggers['edit'] = true;
$wgCaptchaTriggers['create'] = true;
$wgCaptchaTriggers['createtalk'] = true;
$wgCaptchaTriggers['addurl'] = true;
$wgCaptchaTriggers['createaccount'] = true;
$wgCaptchaTriggers['badlogin'] = true;

It will randomly choose a question from those supplied.

The minimum is one.

  • QuestyCaptcha is case-insensitive. If the answer is "Paris" and the user writes "paris", or if the answer is "paris" and the user writes "Paris", it will still work.
  • If the answer has a special character like "ó", you may write an answer with "ó" and another without, just in case. For example, if the answer is "canción" you can use [ 'cancion', 'canción' ] in case the user writes "cancion".
  • The answer must be easy to guess for a human interested in your wiki, but not by an automatic program. Ideally, it should not be contained in the text of the question; you can try and edit the captcha help messages and provide the solution to the captcha response there.[1]
  • Just change the questions when/if they start proving ineffective; this may never happen if your wiki is not specifically targeted.
  • Don't ever reuse questions already used by you or others in the past: spambots are known to remember a question and its answer forever once they broke it.
  • You can even dynamically generate questy captchas in the configuration. DO NOT use an exact copy of the dynamic questions from the link, they've been cracked by spammers. However, other dynamic questions in the style of the questions presented are highly effective.
  • There is a separate extension to ConfirmEdit called QuestyCaptchaEditor which provides an on-wiki special page for managing QuestyCaptcha question+answer(s) pairings. You may wish to consider installing it if it's desirable to reduce sysadmin intervention when it comes to managing the CAPTCHA questions and their answers.

ReCaptcha (NoCaptcha)

  Avertissement : ReCaptcha has been cracked by most spambots targeting wikis, mainly due to its accessible captcha alternative.

The new generation of ReCaptcha, called NoCaptcha, was introduced by Google back in December 2014 and reduces the need for humans to solve a CAPTCHA.[2]Based on a user-side JavaScript (which can't be controlled by the user the administrator), reCaptcha tries to identify the site user as a human by analyzing their browsing behavior on the page. The user then has to click an "I'm not a robot" checkbox and (in the best case) doesn't have to do anything further to prove they're a human. However, in some cases, the user still has to solve a CAPTCHA image.

ReCaptcha will not work with the Mobile Source Editor and some extensions.

This module implements the new ReCaptcha NoCaptcha solution in ConfirmEdit.

You still need a public and a secret key (which you can retrieve from the ReCaptcha admin panel – change v2, v3 not work) and install the plugin with: 

wfLoadExtensions([ 'ConfirmEdit', 'ConfirmEdit/ReCaptchaNoCaptcha' ]);
$wgReCaptchaSiteKey = 'your public/site key here';
$wgReCaptchaSecretKey = 'your private key here';

There is an additional configuration option for this module, $wgReCaptchaSendRemoteIP (default: false), which, if set to true, sends the IP address of the current user to a server from Google while verifying the CAPTCHA. You can improve the privacy for your users if you keep this set to false. However, remember, that this module adds a client side JavaScript code, directly loaded from a server from Google, which already can collect the IP address of the user (combined with other data, too) and can not be limited by a configuration option. This will only work on standard MediaWiki editor.

reCAPTCHA v3

Currently there is no official way to implement version 3 of Google reCAPTCHA.

SimpleCaptcha (calculs)

  Avertissement : This type is used by very few wikis outside WMF if any, probably because of scarce effectiveness.
 
Une question mathématique simple

C'est le CAPTCHA par défaut.

This module provides a simple addition or subtraction question for the user.

Add the following lines to LocalSettings.php in the root of your MediaWiki to enable this CAPTCHA: 

$wgCaptchaClass = 'SimpleCaptcha';

Note that the display of a trivial maths problem as plaintext yields a captcha which can be trivially solved by automated means; as of 2012, sites using SimpleCaptcha are receiving significant amounts of spam and many automated registrations of spurious new accounts. Wikis currently using this as the default should therefore migrate to one of the other CAPTCHAs.

FancyCaptcha

  Avertissement : This type is used by very few wikis outside WMF if any, probably because of scarce effectiveness.
 

This module displays a stylized image of a set of characters.

Pillow must be installed in order to create the set of images initially, but isn't needed after that (can be installed with pip install Pillow in most environments).

  1. Add the following lines to LocalSettings.php in the root of your MediaWiki installation:
    wfLoadExtensions([ 'ConfirmEdit', 'ConfirmEdit/FancyCaptcha' ]);
    $wgCaptchaClass = 'FancyCaptcha';
  2. In LocalSettings.php, set the variable $wgCaptchaDirectory to the directory where you will store Captcha images. Below it set $wgCaptchaSecret to your passphrase.
  3. Create the images by running the following, where:
    • font is a path to some font, for instance AriBlk.TTF.
    • wordlist is a path to some word list, for instance /usr/share/dict/words. (Note: on Debian/Ubuntu, the 'wbritish' and 'wamerican' packages provide such lists. On Fedora, use the 'words' package)
    • key is the exact passphrase you set $wgCaptchaSecret to. Use quotes if necessary.
    • output is the path to where the images should be stored (defined in $wgCaptchaDirectory).
    • count is how many images to generate.
    python /path/to/captcha.py --font=<font> --wordlist=<wordlist> --key=<key> --output=<output> --count=<count>
    • An example, assuming you're in the extensions/ConfirmEdit directory (font location from Ubuntu 6.06, probably different on other operating systems):
    python captcha.py --font=/usr/share/fonts/truetype/freefont/FreeSans.ttf --wordlist=/usr/share/dict/words --key=FOO --output=../../../captcha --count=100
    • If you are not satisfied with the results of the words you've generated you can simply remove the images and create a new set. Comic_Sans_MS_Bold.ttf seems to generate relatively legible words, and you could also edit the last line of captcha.py to increase the font size from the default of 40.
  4. Put the images you get into captcha directory in your installation.
  5. Edit your wiki's LocalSettings.php : specify full path to your captcha directory in $wgCaptchaDirectory and secret key you've been using while generating captures in $wgCaptchaSecret.
$wgCaptchaDirectory = "/.php-data/my-wiki.org/wiki/captcha";
$wgCaptchaDirectoryLevels = 0; // <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Set this to a value greater than zero to break the images into subdirectories</span>
$wgCaptchaSecret = "FOO"; // <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Same value you used in --key option in captcha.py</span>

See also wikitech:Generating CAPTCHAs for how Wikimedia Foundation does it.

How to avoid common problems running Python on Windows
  1. Install the most recent version of Pillow.
  2. Make the installation of Python on a short folder name, like C:\Python\
  3. Create a folder like C:\Ex and place files CAPTCHA.py / FONT.ttf / LIST.txt into the folder.
  4. To execute easily, run the following example as a batch file:
C:\python\python.exe C:\Ex\CAPTCHA.py --font C:\Ex\FONT.ttf --wordlist C:\Ex\LIST.txt --key=YOURPASSWORD --output C:\Ex\ --count=20

MathCaptcha

  Avertissement : This type is used by very few wikis outside WMF if any, probably because of scarce effectiveness.
This requires the Math extension to be installed.

This module generates an image using TeX to ask a basic math question.

Set the following to enable this CAPTCHA: 

wfLoadExtensions([ 'ConfirmEdit', 'ConfirmEdit/MathCaptcha' ]);

See the README file in the math folder to install this captcha.

hCaptcha

Version de MediaWiki :
≥ 1.35
Currently, only the master version or the version 1.35 of ConfirmEdit officially support hCaptcha. An unofficial backport is available for MediaWiki 1.31-1.34, but it is not official. Use it at your own risk.

See https://www.hcaptcha.com/

The configuration is similar to ReCaptcha: 

wfLoadExtensions([ 'ConfirmEdit', 'ConfirmEdit/hCaptcha' ]);
$wgHCaptchaSiteKey = 'your public/site key here';
$wgHCaptchaSecretKey = 'your private key here';

$wgHCaptchaSendRemoteIP is also available.

Configuration

ConfirmEdit introduces a 'skipcaptcha' permission type to wgGroupPermissions . This lets you set certain groups to never see CAPTCHAs. All of the following can be added to LocalSettings.php.

Defaults from ConfirmEdit.php: 

$wgGroupPermissions['*']['skipcaptcha'] = false;
$wgGroupPermissions['user']['skipcaptcha'] = false;
$wgGroupPermissions['autoconfirmed']['skipcaptcha'] = false;
$wgGroupPermissions['bot']['skipcaptcha'] = true; // robots enregistrés
$wgGroupPermissions['sysop']['skipcaptcha'] = true;

To skip captchas for users that confirmed their email, you need to set both: 

$wgGroupPermissions['emailconfirmed']['skipcaptcha'] = true;
$wgAllowConfirmedEmail = true;

There are five triggers on which CAPTCHAs can be displayed:

  • 'edit' - triggered on every attempted page save
  • 'create' - triggered on page creation
  • 'addurl' - triggered on a page save that would add one or more URLs to the page
  • 'createaccount' - triggered on creation of a new account
  • 'badlogin' - triggered on the next login attempt after a failed one. Requires $wgMainCacheType to be set to something other than CACHE_NONE in your LocalSettings.php, if in doubt the following will always work. Note that badlogin does not trigger captchas on API login, but instead blocks them outright until $wgCaptchaBadLoginExpiration expires.
$wgMainCacheType = CACHE_ANYTHING;

The default values for these are: 

$wgCaptchaTriggers['edit'] = false; 
$wgCaptchaTriggers['create'] = false; 
$wgCaptchaTriggers['addurl'] = true; 
$wgCaptchaTriggers['createaccount'] = true;
$wgCaptchaTriggers['badlogin'] = true;

The triggers edit, create and addurl can be configured per namespace using the $wgCaptchaTriggersOnNamespace setting. If there is no $wgCaptchaTriggersOnNamespace for the current namespace, the normal $wgCaptchaTriggers apply. So suppose that in addition to the above $wgCaptchaTriggers defaults we configure the following: 

$wgCaptchaTriggersOnNamespace[NS_TALK]['addurl'] = false;
$wgCaptchaTriggersOnNamespace[NS_PROJECT]['edit'] = true;

Then the CAPTCHA will not trigger when adding URLs to a talk page, but on the other hand user will need to solve a CAPTCHA any time they try to edit a page in the project namespace, even if they aren't adding a link.

Listes blanches d'URL et IP

It is possible to define a whitelist of known good sites for which the CAPTCHA should not kick in, when the 'addurl' action is triggered.

Sysop users can do this by editing the system message page called MediaWiki:Captcha-addurl-whitelist.

The expected format is a set of regex's one per line.

Comments can be added with # prefix.

You can see an example of this usage on OpenStreetMap.

This set of whitelist regexes can also be defined using the $wgCaptchaWhitelist config variable in LocalSettings.php, to keep the value(s) a secret.

Some other variables you can add to LocalSettings.php:

  • $wgCaptchaWhitelistIP - List of IP ranges to allow to skip the CAPTCHA (you can also use MediaWiki:Captcha-ip-whitelist; see below for details).
  • $ceAllowConfirmedEmail - Allow users who have confirmed their e-mail addresses to post URL links

These are described more thoroughly in the code comments

MediaWiki:Captcha-ip-whitelist can be used to change the whitelisted IP addresses and IP ranges on wiki.

They should be separated by newlines.

If any other character (apart from a valid IP address or range) is found on a line, it will be ignored but leading and trailing whitespace characters are allowed.

For example, a line with only 127.0.0.1 is considered valid but #127.0.0.1 will be ignored.

Utilisation les expressions régulières

The global variable wgCaptchaRegexes accepts an array of regexes to be tested against the page text and will trigger the CAPTCHA in case of a match.

Approche Wikimedia

For example, Wikimedia Foundation wikis use FancyCaptcha with a custom set of images and the default configuration, modified by what follows. 

$wgGroupPermissions['autoconfirmed']['skipcaptcha'] = true;

This means only unregistered and newly registered users have to pass the CAPTCHA.

Mode EmergencyCaptcha

Additionally the shortcut named $wmgEmergencyCaptcha is designed for use in a limited number of emergency situations, for instance in case of massive vandalism or spam attacks: it changes the default trigger values (see above) into the following: 

$wgCaptchaTriggers['edit'] = true; 
$wgCaptchaTriggers['create'] = true;

So all anonymous and new users have to solve a CAPTCHA also before being able to save an edit or create a new page, in addition to the normal situation.

Limite du taux

With Gerrit change 182551, ConfirmEdit supports rate limiting for false CAPTCHA.

For more information about $wgRateLimits and how to set it up, read Manuel:$wgRateLimits , the action key is badcaptcha.

Auteurs

The basic framework was designed largely by Brion Vibber, who also wrote the SimpleCaptcha and FancyCaptcha modules.

The MathCaptcha module was written by Rob Church.

The QuestyCaptcha module was written by Benjamin Lees.

Additional maintenance work was done by Yaron Koren.

Références

  1. ↑ MediaWiki:Questycaptchahelp-text, MediaWiki:Questycaptcha-edit, MediaWiki:Questycaptcha-addurl, MediaWiki:Questycaptcha-create, MediaWiki:Questycaptcha-createaccount
  2. ↑ Google Blog Are you a robot? Introducing “No CAPTCHA reCAPTCHA” ()

Voir aussi

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