Extension:Scribunto

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この拡張機能は MediaWiki 1.34 以降に同梱されています。そのため再度ダウンロードする必要はありません。しかし、提供されているその他の手順に従う必要はあります。

この拡張機能は、実行ファイル上で機能します。この拡張機能を機能させるには、ご利用のホストで実行可能ファイルを実行する権限が必要です。

**MediaWiki 拡張機能マニュアル**
Scribunto リリースの状態: 安定
実装	パーサー拡張機能
説明	MediaWiki ページにスクリプト言語を埋め込むためのフレームワークを提供する
作者	Victor Vasiliev Tim Starling およびその他
最新バージョン	継続的な更新
互換性ポリシー	Snapshots releases along with MediaWiki. Master is not backwards compatible.
PHP	5.5+
ライセンス	GPL-2.0-or-later AND MIT
ダウンロード	拡張機能をダウンロード Git ^[?]: Git master をダウンロードリポジトリを参照 (GitHub) コミット履歴リポジトリの貢献者 (GitHub) コードレビュー
名前空間 Module (ns:828), Talk_Module (ns:829)
パラメーター $wgScribuntoDefaultEngine $wgScribuntoSlowFunctionThreshold $wgScribuntoGatherFunctionStats $wgScribuntoUseGeSHi $wgScribuntoUseCodeEditor $wgScribuntoEngineConf
使用するフック ArticleViewHeader CodeEditorGetPageLanguage ContentHandlerDefaultModelFor EditFilterMergedContent EditPage::showReadOnlyForm:initial EditPage::showStandardInputs:options EditPageBeforeEditButtons ParserClearState ParserCloned ParserFirstCallInit ParserLimitReportFormat ParserLimitReportPrepare SoftwareInfo
提供するフック ScribuntoExternalLibraries ScribuntoExternalLibraryPaths
translatewiki.net で翻訳を利用できる場合は、Scribunto 拡張機能の翻訳にご協力ください
使用状況とバージョンマトリクスを確認してください。
問題点	未解決のタスク · バグを報告

The Scribunto (Latin: "they shall write/let them write (in the future)") extension allows for embedding scripting languages in MediaWiki.

現在、対応しているスクリプト言語は Lua のみです。 Scribunto Lua スクリプトは、Module という名前空間に配置されます。

ライセンス

This extension contains code licensed GNU General Public License v2.0 or later (GPL-2.0+) as well as code licensed MIT License (MIT).

要件

PCRE version compatibility

PCRE 8.33+が推奨されます。 PHP で使用されている PCRE のバージョンは、phpinfo() の Web ページを見るか、コマンドラインから以下のコマンドを実行することで確認できます:

php -r 'echo "pcre: " . ( extension_loaded( "pcre" ) ? PCRE_VERSION : "no" ) . "\n";'

Scribunto は PCRE の 8.10 未満のバージョンでは動作しません。
PCRE 8.31 には、JIT のパターン学習において、HHVM と併用するとさまざまなパターンが破損するというバグがあります。

PCRE 8.32 has a bug that will cause it to reject certain non-character codepoints, which will cause errors in the mw.html module.

CentOS 6 と RHEL 6 は PCRE 7 で止まっているため、アップグレードする必要があります。

古いバージョンのサーバーで 8.33 に更新するのは、比較的複雑な場合があります。 See Updating to PCRE 8.33 or Higher for details.

PHP演算子 (LTA)

MediaWiki バージョン:

1.25 – 1.28

Scribunto versions for MediaWiki 1.25 to 1.28 required PHP's pcntl extension, which is only available on Unix/Linux platforms, if you want to use "LuaStandalone" (i.e. running in a separate child process). この要件は MediaWiki 1.29 向けの Scribunto で除去されました。

pcntl サポートが有効かどうかは、phpinfo() のウェブページを見るか、コマンドラインで以下のコマンドを実行することで確認できます:

php -r 'echo "pcntl: " . ( extension_loaded( "pcntl" ) ? "yes" : "no" ) . "\n";'

PHP mbstring エクステンション

PHP needs to have the mbstring extension enabled.

mbstring サポートが有効かどうかは、phpinfo() のウェブページを見るか、コマンドラインで以下のコマンドを実行することで確認できます:

php -r 'echo "mbstring: " . ( extension_loaded( "mbstring" ) ? "yes" : "no" ) . "\n";'

Lua バイナリ

Bundled binaries

Scribunto comes bundled with Lua binary distributions for Linux (x86 and x86-64), Mac OS X Lion, and Windows (32- and 64-bit).

Scribunto should work for you out of the box if:

Your web server is run on one of the above platforms.
PHP's proc_open function is not restricted.^[1]
Your web server is configured to allow the execution of binary files in the MediaWiki tree.

注: Execute permissions may need to be set; for example, in Linux use

chmod 755 /path/to/extensions/Scribunto/includes/engines/LuaStandalone/binaries/lua5_1_5_linux_64_generic/lua

If you are using SELinux in "Enforcing" mode on your server, you might need to set a proper context for the binaries. Example for RHEL/CentOS 7:

chcon -t httpd_sys_script_exec_t /path/to/extensions/Scribunto/includes/engines/LuaStandalone/binaries/lua5_1_5_linux_64_generic/lua

Additional binaries

Additional Lua binary distributions, which may be needed for your web server if its operating system is not in the list above, can be obtained from http://luabinaries.sourceforge.net/ or from your Linux distribution. Only binary files for Lua 5.1.x are supported. Once you've installed the appropriate binary file on your web server, configure the location of the file with:

# where lua is the name of the binary file
# e.g. sourceforge LuaBinaries 5.1.5 - Release 2 name the binary file lua5.1
$wgScribuntoEngineConf['luastandalone']['luaPath'] = '/path/to/binaries/lua5.1';

Note that you should not add the above line unless you've confirmed that Scribunto's built-in binaries don't work for you.

LuaJIT, although theoretically compatible, is not supported. The support was removed due to Spectre and bitrot concerns (phab:T184156).

インストール

Vagrant を使用している場合は、vagrant roles enable scribunto --provision でインストールしてください

手動インストール

ダウンロードして、ファイルを extensions/ フォルダー内の Scribunto という名前のディレクトリ内に配置します。

以下のコードを LocalSettings.php の末尾に追加します:

wfLoadExtension( 'Scribunto' );
$wgScribuntoDefaultEngine = 'luastandalone';

Set execute permissions for the Lua binaries bundled with this extension:

chmod a+x /path/to/extensions/Scribunto/includes/engines/LuaStandalone/binaries/yourOS/lua

Set type to httpd_sys_script_exec_t if SELinux is enforced:

chcon -t httpd_sys_script_exec_t /path/to/extensions/Scribunto/includes/engines/LuaStandalone/binaries/yourOS/lua

完了 – ウィキの「Special:Version」に移動して、拡張機能が正しくインストールされたことを確認します。

MediaWiki 1.29 以前を稼働させている利用者へ:

上記の手順では、wfLoadExtension() を使用してこの拡張機能をインストールする新しい方法を記載しています。この拡張機能をこれらの過去のバージョン (MediaWiki 1.29 以前) にインストールする必要がある場合は、wfLoadExtension( 'Scribunto' ); の代わりに以下を使用する必要があります:

require_once "$IP/extensions/Scribunto/Scribunto.php";

Optional Installation

Integrating extensions

For a more pleasant user interface, with syntax highlighting and a code editor with autoindent, install the following extensions:

(MediaWiki 1.30 or earlier)Then in your LocalSettings.php after all the extension registrations, add:

$wgScribuntoUseGeSHi = true;
$wgScribuntoUseCodeEditor = true;

Luaサンドボックス

LuaSandbox という C 言語で書かれた PHP エクステンションを開発しました。スタンドアロンのバイナリの代替として使用でき、パフォーマンスが向上します。詳細とインストール方法は LuaSandbox を参照してください。

If you initially installed the extension to use the Lua standalone binary, be sure to update LocalSettings.php with $wgScribuntoDefaultEngine = 'luasandbox';.

設定

The following configuration variables are available:

$wgScribuntoDefaultEngine: エンジンを選択します。 Valid values are the keys in $wgScribuntoEngineConf, which by default are 'luasandbox' or 'luastandalone'.
$wgScribuntoUseGeSHi: When Extension:SyntaxHighlight is installed, set this true to use it when displaying Module pages. (MediaWiki 1.30 or earlier.)
$wgScribuntoUseCodeEditor: When Extension:CodeEditor is installed, set this true to use it when editing Module pages. (MediaWiki 1.30 or earlier.)
$wgScribuntoEngineConf: An associative array for engine configuration. Keys are the valid values for $wgScribuntoDefaultEngine, and values are associative arrays of configuration data. Each configuration array must contain a 'class' key naming the ScribuntoEngineBase subclass to use.

LuaStandalone

The following keys are used in $wgScribuntoEngineConf for Scribunto_LuaStandaloneEngine. Generally you'd set these as something like

$wgScribuntoEngineConf['luastandalone']['key'] = 'value';

luaPath

Specify the path to a Lua interpreter.

errorFile

Specify the path to a file, writable by the web server user, where the error and debugging output from the standalone interpreter will be logged.

Error output produced by the standalone interpreter are not logged by default. Configure logging with:

$wgScribuntoEngineConf['luastandalone']['errorFile'] = '/path/to/file.log';

memoryLimit

Specify the memory limit in bytes for the standalone interpreter on Linux (enforced using ulimit).

cpuLimit

Specify the CPU time limit in seconds for the standalone interpreter on Linux (enforced using ulimit).

allowEnvFuncs

Set true to allow use of setfenv and getfenv in modules.

LuaSandbox

The following keys are used in $wgScribuntoEngineConf for Scribunto_LuaSandboxEngine. Generally you'd set these as something like

$wgScribuntoEngineConf['luasandbox']['キー'] = '値';

memoryLimit: Specify the memory limit in bytes.
cpuLimit: Specify the CPU time limit in seconds.
profilerPeriod: Specify the time between polls in sections for the Lua profiler.
allowEnvFuncs: Set true to allow use of setfenv and getfenv in modules.

使用法

Scripts go in a new namespace called Module. Each module has a collection of functions, which can be called using wikitext syntax such as:

 {{#invoke: Module_name | function_name | arg1 | arg2 | arg3 ... }}

Lua

Luaの学習

Luaはシンプルなプログラミング言語で、初心者でもわかりやすいです。 For a quick crash-course on Lua, try Learn Lua in 15 Minutes.

The best comprehensive introduction to Lua is the book Programming in Lua. The first edition (for Lua 5.0) is available online and is mostly relevant to Lua 5.1, the version used by Scribunto:

Programming in Lua (scroll down past the book ads to find the text)

The reference manual is also useful:

Extension:Scribunto/Lua リファレンスマニュアル

Luaの環境

Luaでは、全てのグローバル変数と関数の集合を環境と呼んでいます。

{{#invoke:}}のコールは別の環境で実行されます。 Variables defined in one {{#invoke:}} will not be available from another. This restriction was necessary to maintain flexibility in the wikitext parser implementation.

The environment which scripts run in is not quite the same as in standard Lua. These differences are noted in Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual.

デバッグコンソール

デバッグコンソールの使用例

関連項目: Extension:Scribunto/Debug console

When editing a Lua module a so called "debug console" can be found underneath the edit form. In this debug console Lua code can be executed without having to save or even create the Lua module in question.

トラブルシューティング

Troubleshooting using the clickable "Script error" link.

Note that red スクリプトエラー messages are clickable and will provide more detailed information.

Lua エラー: 内部エラー: インタープリターは終了コード 1 で終了しました。

When using the LuaStandalone engine (this is the default), errors along the lines of "Lua エラー: 内部エラー: インタープリターは終了コード 1 で終了しました。" may be generated if the standalone Lua interpreter cannot be executed or runs into various runtime errors. To obtain more information, assign a file path to $wgScribuntoEngineConf['luastandalone']['errorFile']. The interpreter's error output will be logged to the specified file, which should prove more helpful in tracking down the issue. The information in the debug log includes debugging information, which is why there is so much of it. You should be able to ignore any line beginning with "TX" or "RX".

Lua エラー: 内部エラー: インタープリターは終了コード 2 で終了しました。

When using the LuaStandalone engine (this is the default), status 2 suggests memory allocation errors, probably caused by settings that allocate inadequate memory space for PHP or Lua, or both. Assigning a file path to $wgScribuntoEngineConf['luastandalone']['errorFile'] and examining that output can be valuable in diagnosing memory allocation errors.

Increase PHP allocation in your PHP configuration; add the line memory_limit = 200M. This allocation of 200MB is often sufficient (as of MediaWiki 1.24) but can be increased as required. Set Scribunto's memory allocation in LocalSettings.php as a line:

$wgScribuntoEngineConf['luastandalone']['memoryLimit'] = 209715200; # バイト単位

Finally, depending on the server configuration, some installations may be helped by adding another LocalSettings.php line

$wgMaxShellMemory = 204800; # KB 単位

Note that all 3 memory limits are given in different units.

Lua エラー: 内部エラー: インタープリターは終了コード 24 で終了しました。

When using the LuaStandalone engine (this is the default), status 24 suggests CPU time limit errors, although those should be generating a "The time allocated for running scripts has expired" message instead. It would be useful to file a task in Phabricator and participate in determining why the XCPU signal isn't being caught.

Lua エラー: 内部エラー: インタープリターは終了コード 126 で終了しました。

When using the LuaStandalone engine (this is the default), errors along the lines of "Lua エラー: 内部エラー: インタープリターは終了コード 126 で終了しました。" may be generated if the standalone Lua interpreter cannot be executed. This generally arises from either of two causes:

The lua executable file's permissions do not include Execute.

Set permissions as described under #Installation.

The server does not allow execution of files from the place where the executable is installed, e.g. the filesystem is mounted with the 'noexec' flag.

This often occurs with shared hosted servers. Remedies include adjusting $wgScribuntoEngineConf['luastandalone']['luaPath'] to point to a Lua 5.1 binary installed in an executable location, or adjusting or convincing the shared host to adjust the setting preventing execution.

Error condition such as: Fatal exception of type MWException

Check the MediaWiki, PHP, or webserver logs for more details on the exception, or temporarily set $wgShowExceptionDetails to true.

version `GLIBC_2.11' not found

If the above gives you errors such as "version `GLIBC_2.11' not found", it means the version of the standard C library on your system is too old for the binaries provided with Scribunto. Cのライブラリを改良するか、インストールされているCライブラリ用にコンパイルされたLua 5.1のバージョンを使用する必要があります。 To upgrade your C library, your best option is usually to follow your distribution's instructions for upgrading packages (or for upgrading to a new release of the distribution, if applicable).

If you copy the lua binaries from Scribunto master (or from gerrit:77905), that should suffice, if you can't or don't want to upgrade your C library. The distributed binaries were recently recompiled against an older version of glibc, so the minimum is now 2.3 rather than 2.11.

Lua errors in Scribunto files

Errors here include:

attempt to index field 'text' (a nil value)
Lua error in mw.html.lua at line 253: Invalid class given:

If you are getting errors such these when attempting to use modules imported from WMF wikis, most likely your version of Scribunto is out of date. Upgrade if possible; for advanced users, you might also try to identify the needed newer commits and cherry-pick them into your local installation.

preg_replace_callback(): Compilation failed: unknown property name after \P or \p at offset 7

preg_replace_callback(): Compilation failed: unknown property name after \P or \p at offset 7

this usually indicates an incompatible version of PCRE; you’ll need to update to >= 8.10
@todo: link to instructions on how to upgrade

Lua error

If you copy templates from Wikipedia and then get big red "Lua error: x" messages where the Scribunto invocation (e.g. the template that uses {{#invoke:}}) should be, that probably means that you didn't import everything you needed. Make sure that you tick the "Include templates" box at w:Special:Export when you export.

When importing pages from another wiki, it is also possible for templates or modules in the imported data to overwrite existing templates or modules with the same title, which may break existing pages, templates, and modules that depend on the overwritten versions.

Blank screen

Make sure your extension version is applicable to your MediaWiki version.

Design documents

Tim Starling's presentation at linux.conf.au 2014 discussing the motivations, implementation challenges and results of deploying Scribunto and Lua.
Extension:Scribunto/Parser interface design
Extension:Scribunto/Victor's API proposal
Extension:Scribunto/Documentation specification
Extension:Scribunto/Tim's draft roadmap

その他のページ

Extension:Scribunto/Deployment priorities
Extension:Scribunto/Brainstorming
Lua scripting - Wikimedia activity page describing deployment plan to Wikimedia sites
Extension:Scribunto/Lua リファレンスマニュアル - The reference about the Lua language, as well as its standard libraries and common Scribunto modules supported on Wikimedia sites
Extension:Scribunto/Lua 5.2 changes - A list of known changes in Lua 5.2 that may cause code written in 5.1 to function unexpectedly
Extension:Scribunto/モジュールの例
Extension:Scribunto/Example extension - Code for example extensions extending the Scribunto library.
Extension:Scribunto/We use Lua

注記

↑ i.e. Scribunto will not work if proc_open is listed in the disable_functions array in your server's "php.ini" file. If it is, you may see an error message like proc_open(): open_basedir restriction in effect. File(/dev/null) is not within the allowed path(s):. If you are using Plesk and have been granted sufficient permissions, you may be able to set open_basedir in the PHP settings for your domain or subdomain. Try changing {WEBSPACEROOT}{/}{:}{TMP}{/} to {WEBSPACEROOT}{/}{:}{TMP}{/}{:}/dev/null{:}/bin/bash.

この拡張機能は 1 つ以上のウィキメディアのプロジェクトで使用されています。これはおそらく、この拡張機能が安定していて高いトラフィックのウェブサイトでも十分に動作することを意味します。この拡張機能がインストールされている場所を確認するには、ウィキメディアの設定ファイル CommonSettings.php および InitialiseSettings.php 内で、この拡張機能の名前を探してください。特定のウィキにインストールされている拡張機能の完全な一覧は、そのウィキの Special:Version ページにあります。

[1] .e. Scribunto will not work if proc_open is listed in the disable_functions array in your server's "php.ini" file. If it is, you may see an error message like proc_open(): open_basedir restriction in effect. File(/dev/null) is not within the allowed path(s):. If you are using Plesk and have been granted sufficient permissions, you may be able to set open_basedir in the PHP settings for your domain or subdomain. Try changing {WEBSPACEROOT}{/}{:}{TMP}{/} to {WEBSPACEROOT}{/}{:}{TMP}{/}{:}/dev/null{:}/bin/bash.

[1]