扩展:引用

此页面有关扩展。 参见脚注帮助和引用帮助有关如何使用它。

此扩展已绑定在MediaWiki 1.21及以上版本 因此您不需要再次下载。 然而，您仍需要跟随提供的其他指导。

从MediaWiki 1.25版本起，曾经登载于此文档页面的“Special:Cite”功能已不再属于“引用”扩展。 当从MediaWiki 1.24版本升级时下行文字将从您的“LocalSettings.php”文件移除。

require_once "$IP/extensions/Cite/SpecialCite.php";

“Special:Cite”扩展现在称为CiteThisPage扩展，并需要单独安装。

MediaWiki扩展手册

Cite 发布状态： 稳定版
实现	Tag
描述	Allows footnotes for citing sources and helps for correctly citing content in offline media
作者	Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmasontalk
最新版本	持续更新
MediaWiki	1.25+
PHP	5.4+
数据更新	否
许可协议	GNU General Public License 2.0 or later
下载	下载扩展 Git [?]: 下载Git主线 浏览存储库 (GitHub) 提交历史 代码复核
例子	Wikipedia:Footnotes
使用的钩子 BeforePageDisplay Debug ParserBeforeTidy ParserClearState ParserFirstCallInit ParserGetVariableValueTs ParserGetVariableValueVarCache SkinTemplateBuildNavUrlsNav_urlsAfterPermalink SkinTemplateToolboxEnd User
翻译Cite扩展如果在translatewiki.net可用
检查使用和版本矩阵。
问题	开放的工作 · 报告错误

The Cite extension allows a user to create references as footnotes on a page. It adds two parser hooks to MediaWiki, <ref> and <references />; these operate together to add citations to pages.

Contents

下载

此扩展可直接从Git检索到 ^[?]:

• 浏览代码
• 部分扩展有稳定版本标签。
  • 浏览标签
  • 选择标签
  • 点击“快照”
• 每个分支与过去的MediaWiki发布版本相关联。 这里也有一个“主线”分支，包含最新alpha版本（可能需要MediaWiki的alpha版本）。
  • 浏览分支
  • 选择一个分支名称
  • 点击“继续”

提取快照，并将它放置在您的MediaWiki安装副本的extensions/Cite/目录中。

如果您对git熟悉，并且拥有您服务器的shell访问权，您也可以通过以下方法获得扩展：

cd extensions/
git clone https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/mediawiki/extensions/Cite.git

安装

• 如果使用Vagrant ，请通过vagrant roles enable cite --provision安装

手动安装

• 下载文件，并将其放置在您extensions/文件夹中的Cite目录内。

• 将下列代码放置在您的LocalSettings.php的底部：

  wfLoadExtension( 'Cite' );
  

•  完成 – 在您的wiki上导航至Special:Version，以验证扩展已成功安装。

用法

The basic concept of the <ref> tag is that it inserts the text enclosed by the ref tags as a footnote in a designated section, which you indicate with the placeholder tag <references />. This format cannot be used interchangeably with the older format — you must pick one or the other.

Additional placeholder tags <references /> can be inserted in the text, and all <ref> tags up to that point will be inserted there.

If you forget to include <references /> in the article, the footnotes will not disappear, but the references will be displayed at the end of the page.

This page itself uses footnotes, such as the one at the end of this sentence. If you view the source of this page by clicking "Edit this page", you can see a working example of footnotes.

Wiki文本	渲染
The Sun is pretty big.<ref>E. Miller, ''The Sun'', (New York: Academic Press, 2005), 23-5.</ref> The Moon, however, is not so big.<ref>R. Smith, "Size of the Moon", ''Scientific American'', 46 (April 1978): 44-6.</ref> ==备注== <references />	The Sun is pretty big. The Moon, however, is not so big. 注意

同一脚注的多种用法

To give a footnote a unique identifier, use <ref name="name">. You can then refer to the same footnote again by using a ref tag with the same name. The text inside the second tag doesn't matter, because the text already exists in the first reference. You can either copy the whole footnote, or you can use a terminated empty ref tag that looks like this: <ref name="name" />.

In the following example, the same source is cited three times.

Wiki文本

结果

This is an example of multiple references to the same footnote.<ref name="multiple">Remember that when you refer to the same footnote multiple times, the text from the first reference is used.</ref> Such references are particularly useful when citing sources, if different statements come from the same source.<ref name="multiple" /> Any reused tag should not contain extra content, that will spawn an error. Only use empty tags in this role. A concise way to make multiple references is to use empty ref tags, which have a slash at the end. Although this may reduce redundant work, please be aware that if a future editor removes the first reference, this will result in the loss of all references using the empty ref tags.<ref name="multiple" /> ==注释== <references />

This is an example of multiple references to the same footnote. Such references are particularly useful when citing sources, if different statements come from the same source. Any reused tag should not contain extra content, that will spawn an error. Only use empty tags in this role. A concise way to make multiple references is to use empty ref tags, which have a slash at the end. Although this may reduce redundant work, please be aware that if a future editor removes the first reference, this will result in the loss of all references using the empty ref tags. 注意

Note that identifiers used in the name attribute require alphabetic characters; solely relying on numerals will generate an error message.

将两个文本合并至一个参考文献中

A typical Wikisource issue are references that span multiple pages in the source material. These can be merged using a <ref name="name"> tag for the first part of the reference, and tagging the following parts with a tag <ref follow="name"> using the same name.

示例：

Wiki文本

渲染

This is an example of merging multiple texts into the same footnote.<ref name="main">Remember that all the texts will be included into the reference containing the name="…" attribute.</ref> <ref follow="main">Simply include the text to be merged into the first &lt;ref name="…"> reference with a tag &lt;ref follow="…">. This paragraph is included into a similar tag and it will be merged into the reference in former paragraph.</ref> ==参考资料== <references/>

This is an example of merging multiple texts into the same footnote. 参考资料

When using this syntax into Page: namespace, take care that the ref follow part of the footnote is transcluded too into the same ns0 page, where the first part of footnote is transcluded. Use appropriately section tags to get this result. To also remind users that reference names should not solely be numbers, eg. <ref name="p32"> and <ref follow="p32">.

<references />标签

The <references /> tag inserts the text of all the citations which have defined in <ref> tags up to that point in the page. For example, based on the citations above, there should be reference for the note group.

Wiki文本	结果
<references group="note"/>

The reference list can have a responsive width (displaying in some cases the references in several columns). In that case, responsive attribute is used to configure that behavior. In some language editions of Wikipedia, long reference lists may be placed using the template {{Reflist}}, which incorporates <references />. It provides an optional parameter to display the reference list in multiple columns. For instance, the English, Hindi and Interlingua Wikipedias use the CSS selector references-small to make the reference text smaller than normal text. Using templates in this way is strongly discouraged, for compatibility, performance, and functionality reasons.

If a page includes more than one <references /> list, each list includes the <ref> tags defined after the previous references list. If these references lists are produced by templates, each one lists the ref tags defined before the first references list, and there is an error message saying that there is a ref tag but not a references list.

分组参考

如果需要，这可以通过$wgAllowCiteGroups = false;禁用。

The following example generates separate reference lists for citations and miscellaneous footnotes:

Wiki文本	结果
According to scientists, the Sun is pretty big <ref>E. Miller, ''The Sun'', (New York: Academic Press, 2005), 23-5.</ref> In fact, it is very big <ref group="footnotes"> Take their word for it. Don't look directly at the sun!</ref> ==注释== <references group="footnotes" /> ==参考资料== <references />	According to scientists, the Sun is pretty big In fact, it is very big 注释 参考资料

The anonymous group works as before, while references destined for the named group will only show up in the designated <references /> element.

从文本中拆分参考资料

In-text references make it easy to copy the text to another page; on the other hand, they make it hard to read. References containing a lot of data, quotes or elaborate citation templates can make up a significantly larger fraction of the source than the text that will actually be visible. To avoid this, recent versions of the extension allow moving some or all of the references into the <references /> section, to the place where they will actually appear to the reader.

Wiki文本	结果
According to scientists, the Sun is pretty big.<ref name="miller" /> The Moon, however, is not so big.<ref name="smith" /> ==注释== <references> <ref name="miller">E. Miller, ''The Sun'', (New York: Academic Press, 2005), 23-5.</ref> <ref name="smith">R. Smith, "Size of the Moon", ''Scientific American'', 46 (April 1978): 44-6.</ref> </references>	According to scientists, the Sun is pretty big. The Moon, however, is not so big. 注释

Thus, the code above will have the same output as the first example above, although the numbering and order of the references will not in general be the same.

Substitution and embedded parser functions

Since Cite's <ref> tag is parsed before MediaWiki's parser functions (e.g. {{#ifexpr:…}}) or variables (e.g. {{PAGENAME}}) or before subst:, these will not work inside of citation references. Instead, you have to use the magic word {{#tag:…}}.

Wiki文本	结果
Foo <ref>這是不工作的，看 {{cite journal|url=https://www.google.com |title=Search |author= |date= |accessdate={{subst:#time:Y-m-d|now}}}}</ref> bar baz… Foo{{#tag:ref| 這是工作的，看 {{cite journal|url=https://www.google.com |title=Search |author= |date= |accessdate={{subst:#time:Y-m-d|now}}}}}} bar baz… <references />	Foo bar baz… Foo bar baz…

自定义

The format of the output of <ref> and <references> is almost completely customizable through MediaWiki messages, that can be modified, for example, through the MediaWiki namespace depending on the configuration of the wiki.

For a list of messages that control the output of <ref> and <references> and the values, if any, that are passed to them ($1, $2, $3 ...), see here for an up-to-date listing of their default contents.

不完整列表

• cite_reference_link_key_with_num
  1. key
  2. num
• cite_reference_link_prefix
• cite_reference_link_suffix
• cite_references_link_prefix
• cite_references_link_suffix
• cite_reference_link
  1. ref ID
  2. backlink ID
  3. count to display
• cite_references_link_one
  • Used to format the source list that <references /> outputs, it configures 3 things: the backlink ID, the ref ID, and text of note.
  1. backlink ID - used for creating the number order of the source list.
  2. ref ID - used to link back to the actual reference in the text, this is where you can configure the <bold>^</bold> symbol
  3. text of note - text used above describing the source info
• cite_references_link_many
  1. backlink ID
  2. list of links
  3. text of note
• cite_references_link_many_format
  1. ref ID
  2. numeric value to use as a backlink
  3. custom value (as defined in cite_references_link_many_format_backlink_labels to use as a backlink)
• cite_references_link_many_format_backlink_labels
• cite_references_link_many_sep
• cite_references_link_many_and
• cite_references_prefix
• cite_references_suffix

设置参考文献使用^和字母

To replace the default uparrow (↑) with caret (^), modify the following system messages. All of these pages can be found on Special:AllMessages.

MediaWiki:Cite references link one

从	至
<li id="$1"$4><span class="mw-cite-backlink">[[#$2|↑]]</span> $3</li>	<li id="$1"$4><span class="mw-cite-backlink">[[#$2|^]]</span> $3</li>

MediaWiki:Cite references link many

从	至
<li id="$1"$4><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ $2</span> $3</li>	<li id="$1"$4><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ $2</span> $3</li>

MediaWiki:Cite references link many format

Replacing $2 with $3 changes the links from 1.0, 1.1, 1.2 to a, b, c etc…

从	至
<sup>[[#$1|$2]]</sup>	<sup>[[#$1|$3]]</sup>

Searching for these pages for the first time will result in no matches. Simply click "Create this page" to edit the code. The changes will not show up until a page with references is rebuilt.

Set reference and reference number highlighting

Starting with MW 1.26 the selectors for highlighting are now incorporated into Cite/modules/ext.cite.css. Thus the CSS code below no longer needs to be added manually.

将以下代码添加至MediaWiki:Common.css页面。

/* make the Cite extension list of references look smaller and highlight clicked reference in blue */
ol.references { font-size: 90%; }
ol.references li:target { background-color: #ddeeff; }
sup.reference:target { background-color: #ddeeff; }

API

An API is available when correctly configured by the following.

$wgCiteCacheRawReferencesOnParse = true;
$wgCiteStoreReferencesData = true;

a Raw JSON for a given page will now be accessible via: /wiki/Special:ApiSandbox?useformat=desktop#action=query&format=json&prop=references&titles=Doctor+Who

You will need to purge existing pages for this to become available.

参见

• 帮助页面
• Extension:HarvardReferences （兼容）
• Extension:Semantic Cite