Penyuntingan IP: Peningkatan Privasi dan Mitigasi Penyalahgunaan/FAQ
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The basics
Apa yang dimaksud dengan akun sementara?
Akun sementara adalah akun yang digunakan setiap kali Anda mempublikasikan suntingan di Wikipedia atau situs lain yang dikelola oleh Yayasan Wikimedia tanpa harus masuk ke akun yang terdaftar. Oleh karena itu, akun sementara akan dibuatkan untuk Anda. Akun ini akan langsung dilengkapi dengan nama pengguna. cookie akan diaktifkan di peramban Anda saat akun dibuat. Nama pengguna ini akan digunakan untuk atribut semua suntingan berikutnya oleh Anda, meskipun alamat IP Anda berubah. Dengan akun sementara, alamat IP Anda hanya dapat diakses oleh staf yang berwenang dan anggota komunitas, seperti yang diuraikan dalam Kebijakan privasi yang telah diperbarui.
See also:
- Help page for the temporary account holders (temporary users)
- Lihat halaman informasi teknis jika bot atau alat Anda perlu membedakan antara jenis akun sementara dan tetap.
Mengapa kita perlu memiliki nama pengguna?
The license used on the Wikimedia wikis requires each edit to be attributed to a user identifier.
Bagi mereka yang membuat akun terdaftar gratis dapat memilih nama pengguna mereka sendiri. Sementara itu, mereka yang tidak menggunakan akun terdaftar, secara otomatis akan dibuatkan akun sementara. Sebelumnya, hasil suntingan Anda akan dihubungkan ke Alamat IP Anda secara publik, seperti Pengguna:192.0.2.1.
Seperti apa tampilan nama pengguna sementara?
Example of temporary user name:
~2024-1234567
Nama pengguna yang dihasilkan secara otomatis untuk akun sementara akan diawali dengan tanda tilde (<kode>~</kode>) dan tahun saat akun tersebut melakukan penyuntingan pertamanya. Tahun akan diikuti dengan angka, yang dipecah menjadi beberapa kelompok terdiri dari lima digit, seperti <kode>Pengguna:~2024-12345-67</kode>. Pengguna tidak dapat mendaftar ke akun tetap dengan menggunakan nama pengguna yang sama dengan pola ini.
Users cannot choose a temporary account name. Their account name is auto-generated.
Why are you working on temporary accounts at all?
Wikimedians began discussing the exposure of IP addresses as a privacy issue shortly after MediaWiki was developed. For example, there is a thread dating back to 2004. For many years, there was no strong incentive to change this, so the Wikimedia Foundation wasn't working on it. But in the meantime, in many countries, new laws and new standards were introduced. Finally, in 2018, the Foundation's Legal department determined that the indefinite public storage of IP addresses presents serious risks. This includes legal risks to the projects and risks to the users. Today, this project is one of the priorities of the Foundation's leadership.
See also:
- Project update from July 2021 with more details about the Legal team's assessment
Why a temporary account is the right solution to the problem?
There are some hard requirements that led to the design of the temporary accounts. Some of them are of legal, and some are of technical nature:
| What we are facing | What we have decided to do |
|---|---|
| One of the founding principles of our movement is that people should be able to make most simple edits without registering a permanent account. | Temporary accounts will be created automatically (people won't need to create an account themselves). |
| Due to legal requirements, edits on the wikis should be attributed to a user identifier other than IP address. | If temporary accounts are enabled on a wiki, an account is created for a user as soon as they commit their first edit. The user is automatically logged in to this account, which is tied to a randomly generated username. This username is displayed in every situation (except for various functionary tools) where IP addresses would have otherwise been displayed. |
| The identifier that a given not logged-in user's edits are attributed to needs to be stable. Creating a new user for each edit is not an option. Otherwise, there would be a too large rate of new users. | As soon as the temporary account is created, the user is logged in. The cookie has a limited lifetime. Within this duration, if the user decides to make more edits, they are all attributed to the same temporary account. A new one is created if the user decides to log out of the temporary account or otherwise use a different browser. The user retains the same temporary account if they change IP address while using the same device/browser. |
| The MediaWiki software can't be changed too much. We need to limit novelties to let existing features work unmodified. | A temporary account does not break anything in the way user accounts are handled. Aside from some special case behaviors that are required (such as some features that need to be disabled for temporary accounts), most code is likely to work without unexpected failures. |
See also:
Is the Wikimedia Foundation monitoring the effect of using temporary accounts on our communities?
Yes.
There is a public dashboard for monitoring metrics for the pilot wikis. All these statistics are updated very frequently, for instance, real-time or once every day, to give everyone a good visibility of the actual work of temporary accounts on wikis.
Specifically, the above metrics are publicly available:
Public metrics in detail
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In addition, the Foundation is monitoring some other metrics which for security or privacy reasons are not public.
These include data like the number of requests for assistance from CheckUsers. We will periodically share reports about the non-public metrics.
Bagian dari halaman ini (yang berkaitan dengan this section) memerlukan pemutakhiran informasi. |
Guardrail metrics in detail
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IP addresses appear in the history of many pages. Will those past uses be modified?
No.
Historical IP addresses that were published on wiki before the switch to temporary accounts will not be modified. The Wikimedia Foundation Legal department has approved this decision.
Kapan perubahan ini akan tersedia di wiki saya?
- Temporary accounts are already available on pilot wikis: Czech Wikiversity, Igbo Wikipedia, Italian Wikiquote, Swahili Wikipedia, and Serbo-Croatian Wikipedia.
- If the first deployments are successful and we don't have a ton of unexpected work, then in February 2025, we will roll out on larger wikis. We call this major pilot deployment. It may include some top10 wikis, but not English Wikipedia.
- Next, in May 2025, we will deploy on all remaining wikis in one carefully coordinated step.
Operator bot dan developer alat diimbau untuk menguji alat mereka sesegera mungkin.
Legal details about temporary accounts
What specific legal requirements, regulations or risks are you worried about? Is the Foundation facing legal action? What would happen if we didn't introduce temporary accounts?
We shouldn't provide all the information. We shouldn't publish some details, and we shouldn't disclose why. If we publicly discussed what arguments we can make, or what risks are most likely to result in litigation, we could help someone harm the wikis and the communities.
This answer is based on attorney advice we are choosing to follow.
Can this change be rolled out differently by location?
No.
We protect the privacy of all users to the same standard. This will change across the Wikimedia projects.
If we tell someone their IP address will be published, isn't that enough?
No.
Many people have been confused to see their IP address published. Additionally, even when someone does see the notice, the Foundation has to properly handle their personal data. Publishing the IP addresses of non-logged-in editors falls short of current privacy best practices. Also, it creates risks, including risks to those users.
How will the project affect CC license attribution?
It will not affect it.
The 3.0 license for text on the Wikimedia projects already states that attribution should include "the name of the Original Author (or pseudonym, if applicable)" (see the license at section 4c). Use of the temporary account names will function equally well as a pseudonym. IP addresses already may vary or be assigned to different people over time, so using that as a proxy for un-registered editors is not different from an the temporary account names. Both satisfy the license pseudonym requirement. In addition, our Terms of use section 7 specify that as part of contributing to Wikipedia, editors agree that links to articles (which include article history) are a sufficient method of attribution.
Single wiki community questions
What if a community wants to keep using IP addresses?
After temporary accounts become available, displaying IP addresses for subsequent contributions will no longer be permitted. All communities need to prepare for the change to temporary accounts.
Would disallowing or limiting anonymous editing be a good alternative?
Unlikely.
In the past, the Wikimedia Foundation has supported research into requiring registration for all editors editing Wikipedia articles. The results have been largely harmful. We've seen large drops in the net non-reverted content edits over time in Farsi Wikipedia.
At this time, with the data we have, we cannot say that disabling logged-out editing on any project is a beneficial solution.
Technical details about temporary accounts
Where can I test it?
- All beta cluster wikis except en-rtl Wikipedia
- test.wikipedia.org
- test2.wikipedia.org
Keep in mind that these are testing wikis. Software there may not work as expected.
Berapa lama masa berlaku akun sementara saya?
Akun sementara Anda akan tetap dapat digunakan selama cookie masih aktif. Saat ini, cookie telah diatur hingga batas waktu berlaku setelah satu tahun sejak penyuntingan pertama.
Berikut ini adalah skenario yang sering terjadi terkait hilangnya akun sementara yang tidak dapat dipulihkan:
- Menghapus cookie di peramban Anda.
- Menghapus profil di peramban yang Anda gunakan saat membuat akun sementara.
- Menggunakan mode incognito (penjelajahan pribadi), dan menutup mode tersebut.
- Cookie telah kedaluwarsa.
Jika akun sementara hilang, akun sementara baru dengan nama pengguna baru akan dibuatkan secara otomatis untuk Anda saat Anda mempublikasikan suntingan berikutnya. Jika Anda ingin sebuah akun tetap, Anda bisa membuat akun terdaftar gratis kapan saja.
Will temp accounts change if IP address changes?
No.
Just as with registered accounts, the account doesn't change when IP addresses do.
Apakah nama pengguna sementara bersifat unik?
Yes.
Jika Anda melihat Pengguna:~2024-12345-67 di beberapa Wiki yang terhubung ke SUL, dapat dipastikan bahwa itu adalah akun yang sama.
What if temporary accounts are only enabled on some wikis?
There will be time when some wikis will have temporary accounts enabled (pilots) and others will not.
Wikis that have temporary accounts enabled will display unregistered editors as temporary accounts. On non-temp-accounts wikis they will still show up as IP addresses. When the temporary user switches between these wikis they will show up as a temporary account in one wiki and as an IP address in another.
This may create a problem with some features that rely on having a persistent user identity across wikis. If your feature(s) are impacted by this change, please come talk to us on the talk page or through Phabricator.
Pertanyaan kontributor berpengalaman
Saya adalah seorang admin, dan saya perlu menghitung rentang blok. Apakah saya dapat mengetahui alamat IP dari akun sementara?
Ini termasuk penatalayan, pemeriksa, pengurus global, admin, dan pengawas yang memenuhi syarat kualifikasi, dan juga beberapa staf dari Yayasan Wikimedia.
Oleh karena adanya risiko privasi yang terkait dengan alamat IP, maka alamat IP hanya akan terlihat oleh pengguna yang membutuhkan informasi tersebut agar dapat melakukan pengawasan secara efektif.
See also:
- Silakan lihat kebijakan hukum Akses ke alamat IP akun sementara dan kebijakan terkait Akses ke alamat IP akun sementara.
Akun saya telah memenuhi syarat. Bagaimana cara melihat alamat IP?
Buka Spesial:Preferensi dan pilih opt-in atau bergabung.
Apakah saya perlu menandatangani ANPDP?
No.
Kebijakan akses informasi non-publik (ANPDP) adalah kebijakan hukum dari Yayasan Wikimedia tentang bagaimana pemeriksa dan pengguna yang memiliki peran tertentu harus melindungi informasi non-publik yang mereka dapatkan selama menjalankan tugas mereka. Admin sukarelawan dan pengawas tidak perlu menandatangani perjanjian ANPDP. Namun, Anda harus memilih opt-in untuk mengakses Alamat IP melalui Spesial:Preferensi di wiki lokal Anda.
Bagaimana seorang editor akan mengajukan permohonan hak pengguna baru ini?
Secara baku, fitur ini akan secara otomatis diberikan kepada pengguna yang memenuhi syarat. Satu-satunya hal yang perlu dilakukan adalah ikut serta ketika fitur ini tersedia di wiki Anda.
Namun, setiap wiki dapat menetapkan prosesnya sendiri dengan standar yang lebih tinggi dari standar minimum, seperti proses yang membutuhkan ulasan individu. Wikimedia Foundation tidak mewajibkan proses yang mirip dengan proses pengajuan menjadi pengurus di komunitas-komunitas besar. Komunitas dapat memilih untuk menangani permintaan ini melalui proses yang sudah ada, atau membuat halaman baru. Misalnya, Wikipedia bahasa Inggris dapat memilih untuk menerima permintaan di w:en:Wikipedia:Requests for permissions, Wikipedia bahasa Jerman dapat memilih untuk menangani permintaan di w:de:Wikipedia:Administratoren/Anfragen, dan Wikipedia bahasa Ukraina dapat memilih untuk menangani permintaan di w:uk:Вікіпедія:Заявки на права патрульного. Komunitas yang relatif kecil sering kali menerima permintaan serupa di warung kopinya.
Komunitas saya ingin menetapkan persyaratan yang lebih tinggi. Bagaimana cara melakukannya?
Perhatikan petunjuk di foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Access to temporary account IP addresses#Local requirements. Biasanya, hal ini memerlukan diskusi dalam komunitas lokal, mendokumentasikan keputusan komunitas, dan kemudian mengikuti proses m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes.
Kapan hak pengguna ini akan tersedia? Kapan kita bisa mulai menetapkannya?
Hak pengguna tersebut kemungkinan akan ditambahkan ke perangkat lunak MediaWiki akhir tahun ini (2023), meskipun pada awalnya tidak akan terlalu berguna bagi semua wiki. Jika menginginkannya, komunitas yang ingin melakukan proses yang membutuhkan kajian individu dapat mulai melakukan persetujuan awal penyunting kapan saja.
Wiki saya memiliki sebuah kelompok yang hak penggunanya sudah lebih tinggi dari persyaratan minimum. Mereka semua akan mendapatkan hak ini secara otomatis jika kita tidak memilih untuk melakukan proses terpisah. Dapatkah kita memberikan hak baru ini kepada mereka semua?
Selama semua pengguna dalam kelompok tersebut memenuhi atau melampaui semua persyaratan minimum, maka kelompok tersebut dapat ditempatkan pada kelompok yang sudah ada. Anggota kelompok yang akan datang harus memenuhi atau melampaui semua persyaratan minimum.
Persyaratan minimum untuk non-pengurus terlalu tinggi
Hal ini kadang-kadang benar, seperti ketika sebuah wiki baru saja dibuat. Dalam kasus seperti itu, seseorang di wiki tersebut perlu meminta pengecualian dari Departemen Hukum Wikimedia Foundation. Hubungi privacy
wikimedia.org beserta penjelasan situasi di komunitas Anda.
Saya memenuhi persyaratan minimum untuk mendapatkan akses otomatis, tetapi komunitas saya memerlukan pemeriksaan individual, dan mereka menolak permintaan saya!
Pemberian hak pengguna ini kepada seseorang yang memenuhi persyaratan minimum sepenuhnya tergantung pada komunitas lokal. Tidak ada yang diwajibkan untuk memberikan hak pengguna ini kepada Anda.
Saya seorang pengurus, tetapi saya tidak menginginkan hak pengguna ini
Anda tidak akan dapat melihat informasi ini kecuali jika Anda mengeklik persetujuan.
Saya yakin ada yang menyalahgunakan informasi ini
Harap laporkan masalah yang berhubungan dengan privasi ke m:Special:MyLanguage/ombuds commission. Untuk memastikan akuntabilitas, catatan penggunaan perangkat dan pengguna mana saja yang memiliki akses ke perangkat tersebut akan disimpan.
Keluhan lain mengenai potensi penyalahgunaan dapat disampaikan kepada penatalayan dengan mengajukan permintaan kepada m:Steward requests/Permissions#Removal of access. Penatalayan berwenang memblokir akses pengguna ke alamat IP jika mereka menganggap penyalahgunaan telah terjadi. Hal ini akan mencegah akses meskipun pengguna tersebut secara otomatis memenuhi syarat atau telah diberikan akses melalui proses komunitas.
Some communities currently have public pages for documenting the activities of some bad actors, including their IP addresses (e.g., Long-term abuse). Will this documentation still be permitted?
Yes.
The communities should treat the IPs of logged in users and temporary account holders the same on the Long-term abuse list. They may list the IP addresses when necessary, but they should refer to the abusers by their temporary account usernames.
See also:
Can we publicly document the IP addresses used by suspected (but not confirmed) bad actors who are using temporary accounts?
In general, no, but sometimes yes, temporarily.
When possible, patrollers with access to IP addresses should document the temporary account name(s) instead of the IP addresses. The exception is when the IP addresses are necessary for the purpose of protecting the wiki from abusive actions. Necessity should be determined on a case-by-case basis. If a disclosure later becomes unnecessary, then the IP address should be promptly removed.
For example, if a suspected vandal is exonerated during an investigation, then the report showing the user's IP address can be removed through oversight. That way, the IP address is only revealed while it is needed, and then is suppressed later, after it has been shown to not be needed any longer. See the related policy for more information.
If other information about non-logged-in contributors is revealed (such as location, or ISP), then it doesn't matter if the IP address is also published, right?
No. The IP address should not be published.
With temporary accounts, the public information will be not linked to an individual person or device. For example, it will be a city-level location, or a note that an edit was made by someone at a particular university. While this is still information about the user, it's less specific and individual than an IP address. So even though we are making some information available in order to assist with abuse prevention, we are protecting the privacy of that specific contributor better.
Experienced contributor questions
What if a temporary account holder needs to be blocked?
Temporary accounts' IPs will be stored for a period of 90 days. Their IP addresses can still be blocked, just like at present. Temporary accounts can also be independently blocked, including global blocks and autoblocks.
Can't an abuser just clear cookies?
Yes, they can. Temporary accounts are not intended to solve any anti-abuse problems.
We know the problem of abusers making edits through a pool of changing IPs while masking browser agent data. This cannot be solved through temporary accounts. This is not a design goal for this project either. Otherwise, we would need to use trusted tokens, disabling anonymous edits, or fingerprinting, all of which are very involved, complicated measures that have significant community and technical considerations.
Tools will be adapted to ensure that bidirectional mappings between temporary accounts within the last 90 days and IPs can be safely and efficiently navigated by trusted functionaries. However, abuse from a user that clears cookies may become difficult or impossible to detect and mitigate for users without elevated user rights, or if some of the edits involved are more than 90 days old.
Will temporary accounts be covered by the autoblock mechanism?
Autoblocks atau blokir otomatis berfungsi untuk menghentikan para vandal dan pengguna berisiko tinggi lainnya agar tidak mengganggu proyek dengan cara segera membuat akun baru. Autoblock untuk akun sementara berlaku sama seperti pada pengguna terdaftar. (IP addresses are not available to the public.)
More information is available in phab:T332231. Temporary accounts can also be blocked via global autoblocks.
Is there a limitation for creating many temporary accounts from the same IP address?
Yes.
There is a limitation preventing from creating too many accounts from the same IP address too quickly.
The current threshold for regular accounts is six per IP address per day ($wgAccountCreationThrottle).
In addition to tht, there is a similar limitation for temporary accounts, which is also six per IP address per day ($wgRateLimits).
This threshold can be changed quickly if necessary.
We have investigated the ideal thresholds of the limit (T357771). We will check nuanced responses to tripping thresholds, including CAPTCHAs, temporary blocks, calls to create an account, etc.
During the entire rollout, we will analyse rate limit trips (T357763). To learn more, see T357776.
What are the functional differences between using a Special:Checkuser on a temporary account, and revealing the IP address?
The IP reveal feature can show you the IP address used for a particular edit by a particular temporary account, the last IP address used by a temporary account, all the IP addresses used by a temporary account, or all the temporary accounts edits on a given IP address or IP address range.
Lihat juga
- Kebijakan:Akses ke alamat IP akun sementara – kebijakan hukum