MediaWiki

ویرایش آی‌پی: بهبود حریم‌خصوصی و کاهش سوء استفاده/سوالات متداول

< Trust and Safety Product | Temporary Accounts
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The basics

حساب کاربری موقت چیست؟

هر زمان که ویرایشی را در ویکی‌پدیا یا سایر سایت‌های میزبانی شده توسط بنیاد ویکی‌مدیا بدون ورود به یک حساب کاربری ثبت‌شده منتشر کنید، یک حساب کاربری موقت برای شما ایجاد می‌شود. به این حساب به طور خودکار یک نام کاربری داده می شود. در هنگام ایجاد حساب، یک کوکی در مرورگر شما تنظیم می شود. حتی اگر آدرس IP شما تغییر کند، از این نام کاربری برای نسبت دادن همه ویرایش‌های بعدی به شما استفاده خواهد شد. با یک حساب کاربری موقت، همانطور که در سیاست حفظ حریم خصوصی مشخص شده، تنها کارمندان و اعضای اجتماع ویکی که مجاز به این کار هستند، می‌توانند به آدرس IP شما دسترسی داشته باشند.

See also:

چرا باید نام کاربری داشته باشیم؟

The license used on the Wikimedia wikis requires each edit to be attributed to a user identifier.

افرادی که یک حساب ثبت‌شده رایگان ایجاد می‌کنند می‌توانند نام کاربری خود را انتخاب کنند. به افرادی که از یک حساب ثبت‌شده استفاده نمی کنند به طور خودکار یک حساب موقت اختصاص داده می‌شود. پیش از این، ویرایش‌های شما به صورت عمومی به آدرس IP شما نسبت داده می‌شد، مانند کاربر:192.0.2.1.

یک نام کاربری موقت به چه شکلی است؟

Example of temporary user name: ~2024-1234567

نام‌های کاربری که به‌طور خودکار برای حساب‌های موقت ایجاد می‌شوند، با یک مدک (~) و سالی که اولین ویرایش توسط آن حساب انجام شده، شروع می‌شود. بعد از سال، از اعدادی استفاده می‌شود که به گروه‌های پنج رقمی تقسیم می‌شوند، مانند کاربر:~2024-12345-67. کاربران نمی‌توانند حساب‌های عادی را با نام‌های کاربری مطابق با این الگو ثبت کنند.

Users cannot choose a temporary account name. Their account name is auto-generated.

Why are you working on temporary accounts at all?

Wikimedians began discussing the exposure of IP addresses as a privacy issue shortly after MediaWiki was developed. For example, there is a thread dating back to 2004. For many years, there was no strong incentive to change this, so the Wikimedia Foundation wasn't working on it. But in the meantime, in many countries, new laws and new standards were introduced. Finally, in 2018, the Foundation's Legal department determined that the indefinite public storage of IP addresses presents serious risks. This includes legal risks to the projects and risks to the users. Today, this project is one of the priorities of the Foundation's leadership.

See also:

Why a temporary account is the right solution to the problem?

There are some hard requirements that led to the design of the temporary accounts. Some of them are of legal, and some are of technical nature:

What we are facing What we have decided to do
One of the founding principles of our movement is that people should be able to make most simple edits without registering a permanent account. Temporary accounts will be created automatically (people won't need to create an account themselves).
Due to legal requirements, edits on the wikis should be attributed to a user identifier other than IP address. If temporary accounts are enabled on a wiki, an account is created for a user as soon as they commit their first edit. The user is automatically logged in to this account, which is tied to a randomly generated username. This username is displayed in every situation (except for various functionary tools) where IP addresses would have otherwise been displayed.
The identifier that a given not logged-in user's edits are attributed to needs to be stable. Creating a new user for each edit is not an option. Otherwise, there would be a too large rate of new users. As soon as the temporary account is created, the user is logged in. The cookie has a limited lifetime. Within this duration, if the user decides to make more edits, they are all attributed to the same temporary account. A new one is created if the user decides to log out of the temporary account or otherwise use a different browser. The user retains the same temporary account if they change IP address while using the same device/browser.
The MediaWiki software can't be changed too much. We need to limit novelties to let existing features work unmodified. A temporary account does not break anything in the way user accounts are handled. Aside from some special case behaviors that are required (such as some features that need to be disabled for temporary accounts), most code is likely to work without unexpected failures.

See also:

Is the Wikimedia Foundation monitoring the effect of using temporary accounts on our communities?

Yes.

There is a public dashboard for monitoring metrics for the pilot wikis. All these statistics are updated very frequently, for instance, real-time or once every day, to give everyone a good visibility of the actual work of temporary accounts on wikis.

Specifically, the above metrics are publicly available:

Public metrics in detail 
  • Ratio of temporary accounts that had their IP addresses revealed over total number of temporary accounts that are created. Users who actively reveal IP addresses (T375508)
  • Ratio of temporary accounts that had their IP addreses revealed over total number of temporary accounts that are created (375509)
  • Rate of abandoned edits for anonymous IP editors, regular accounts, and temporary accounts (375498)
  • Rate of successful edits for anonymous IP editors, regular accounts, and temporary accounts (375496)
  • Number of rollbacks which reverted any existing edits (375501)
  • Number of edits made during the given month which were reverted at any point before the snapshot (375501)
  • Number of unique IP addresses blocked during the given month, including blocks and reblocks, as well as blocks on single IPs and IP ranges. (375499)
  • Number of pages deleted during the given month (375503)
  • Number of pages turned on protected mode during the given month (375502)
  • Number of global (cross-wiki) blocks activated during the given month, including blocks and reblocks. (375869)
  • Number of local (wiki-specific) blocks activated during the given month, including blocks and reblocks. (375499)
  • Rate of CentralAuth locks (375870)
  • Number of temporary accounts being created (375505)
  • Number of rate limit trips related to temporary account creation (375500)

In addition, the Foundation is monitoring some other metrics which for security or privacy reasons are not public.

These include data like the number of requests for assistance from CheckUsers. We will periodically share reports about the non-public metrics.

Guardrail metrics in detail 

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IP addresses appear in the history of many pages. Will those past uses be modified?

No.

Historical IP addresses that were published on wiki before the switch to temporary accounts will not be modified. The Wikimedia Foundation Legal department has approved this decision.

چه زمانی این تغییرات به ویکی من می‌رسد؟

  • Temporary accounts are already available on pilot wikis: Czech Wikiversity, Igbo Wikipedia, Italian Wikiquote, Swahili Wikipedia, and Serbo-Croatian Wikipedia.
  • If the first deployments are successful and we don't have a ton of unexpected work, then in February 2025, we will roll out on larger wikis. We call this major pilot deployment. It may include some top10 wikis, but not English Wikipedia.
  • Next, in May 2025, we will deploy on all remaining wikis in one carefully coordinated step.

We encourage bot operators and tool developers to test their tools as early as possible.

We shouldn't provide all the information. We shouldn't publish some details, and we shouldn't disclose why. If we publicly discussed what arguments we can make, or what risks are most likely to result in litigation, we could help someone harm the wikis and the communities.

This answer is based on attorney advice we are choosing to follow.

Can this change be rolled out differently by location?

No.

We protect the privacy of all users to the same standard. This will change across the Wikimedia projects.

If we tell someone their IP address will be published, isn't that enough?

No.

Many people have been confused to see their IP address published. Additionally, even when someone does see the notice, the Foundation has to properly handle their personal data. Publishing the IP addresses of non-logged-in editors falls short of current privacy best practices. Also, it creates risks, including risks to those users.

How will the project affect CC license attribution?

It will not affect it.

The 3.0 license for text on the Wikimedia projects already states that attribution should include "the name of the Original Author (or pseudonym, if applicable)" (see the license at section 4c). Use of the temporary account names will function equally well as a pseudonym. IP addresses already may vary or be assigned to different people over time, so using that as a proxy for un-registered editors is not different from an the temporary account names. Both satisfy the license pseudonym requirement. In addition, our Terms of use section 7 specify that as part of contributing to Wikipedia, editors agree that links to articles (which include article history) are a sufficient method of attribution.

Single wiki community questions

What if a community wants to keep using IP addresses?

After temporary accounts become available, displaying IP addresses for subsequent contributions will no longer be permitted. All communities need to prepare for the change to temporary accounts.

Would disallowing or limiting anonymous editing be a good alternative?

Unlikely.

In the past, the Wikimedia Foundation has supported research into requiring registration for all editors editing Wikipedia articles. The results have been largely harmful. We've seen large drops in the net non-reverted content edits over time in Farsi Wikipedia.

At this time, with the data we have, we cannot say that disabling logged-out editing on any project is a beneficial solution.

Technical details about temporary accounts

Where can I test it?

Keep in mind that these are testing wikis. Software there may not work as expected.

حساب کاربری موقت من چقدر عمر می‌کند؟

حساب موقت شما تا زمانی که کوکی وجود داشته باشد کار خواهد کرد. کوکی در حال حاضر به شکلی تنظیم شده که پس از یک سال از اولین ویرایش منقضی شود.

موارد زیر رایج‌ترین سناریوهایی هستند که در آن یک حساب موقت به طور غیرقابل برگشت از بین می‌رود:

  • شما کوکی‌ها را از مرورگر خود پاک کردید.
  • شما نمایه‌ای را در مرورگر خود که هنگام ایجاد حساب موقت استفاده می‌کردید، حذف کردید.
  • شما از یک پنجره ناشناس (private browsing) در مرورگر خود استفاده کردید و پنجره را بستید.
  • کوکی منقضی شد.

اگر حساب موقت شما از بین برود، دفعه بعد که ویرایشی را منتشر می‌کنید، یک حساب موقت جدید با نام کاربری جدید به طور خودکار برای شما ایجاد می‌شود. اگر می‌خواهید یک حساب دائمی داشته باشید، می‌توانید در هر زمان یک حساب کاربری رایگان ایجاد کنید.

Will temp accounts change if IP address changes?

No.

Just as with registered accounts, the account doesn't change when IP addresses do.

آیا نام کاربری موقت منحصر به فرد خواهد بود؟

Yes.

اگر کاربر:~2024-12345-67 را در چندین ویکی‌های متصل به سیستم یکپارچه ورود می‌بینید، می‌توانید مطمئن باشید که این همان حساب است.

What if temporary accounts are only enabled on some wikis?

There will be time when some wikis will have temporary accounts enabled (pilots) and others will not.

Wikis that have temporary accounts enabled will display unregistered editors as temporary accounts. On non-temp-accounts wikis they will still show up as IP addresses. When the temporary user switches between these wikis they will show up as a temporary account in one wiki and as an IP address in another.

This may create a problem with some features that rely on having a persistent user identity across wikis. If your feature(s) are impacted by this change, please come talk to us on the talk page or through Phabricator.

سوالات مشارکت‌کنندگان با تجربه

من یک مدیر هستم و باید یک قطع‌دسترسی با range را محاسبه کنم. آیا می توانم آدرس IP حساب‌های موقت را ببینم؟

Stewards, CheckUsers, global sysops, admins, and patrollers who meet qualifying thresholds, as well as certain staff at the Wikimedia Foundation.

There are privacy risks associated with IP addresses. This is why they will be visible only to people who need to have that information for effective patrolling.

See also:

I have a qualified account. How can I see the IP addresses?

Go to Special:Preferences and opt in.

Will I need to sign any non-disclosure agreement?

No.

There is the access to nonpublic personal data policy (ANPDP). It is a legal policy from the Wikimedia Foundation about how checkusers and people with certain other roles must protect non-public personal data that they obtain in the course of their duties. Volunteer admins and patrollers do not need to sign it. However, you will need to opt-in to access to IP addresses through Special:Preferences at your local wiki.

ویراستاران چگونه برای این دسترسی کاربری جدید درخواست خواهند داد؟

به طور پیش فرض، این به طور خودکار به کاربران واجد شرایط اختصاص داده می شود. تنها کاری که باید انجام دهید این است که وقتی در ویکی شما در دسترس قرار گرفت، شرکت کنید.

با این حال، هر ویکی می‌تواند فرآیند خود را با استانداردهای بالاتر از حداقل تعیین کند، مانند فرآیندی که نیاز به بررسی فردی دارد. بنیاد ویکی‌مدیا نیازی به فرآیندی معادل مدیریت شدن در بزرگترین جوامع ندارد. جوامع ممکن است تصمیم بگیرند که این درخواست ها را از طریق فرآیندهای موجود خود رسیدگی کنند یا صفحات جدیدی را راه اندازی کنند. برای مثال، ویکی‌پدیای انگلیسی ممکن است درخواست‌ها را در w:en:Wikipedia:Requests for permissions بپذیرد، و ویکی‌پدیای آلمانی زبان ممکن است درخواست‌ها را در w:de:Wikipedia:Administratoren/Anfragen رسیدگی کند، و ویکی‌پدیای اوکراینی ممکن است درخواست‌ها را در w:uk:Вікіпедія:Заявки на права патрульного رسیدگی کند. جوامع بسیار کوچک اغلب درخواست های مشابهی را از پمپ دهکده خود دریافت می کنند.

جامعه من می خواهد شرایط/الزامات بالاتری را تعیین کند. چگونه ما آن را انجام دهیم؟

دستورالعمل‌های دسترسی به آدرس‌های IP موقت حساب# الزامات محلی را دنبال کنید. معمولاً این به معنای انجام بحث در جامعه محلی، مستندسازی تصمیم انجمن و سپس دنبال کردن فرآیند درخواست تغییرات پیکربندی ویکی است.

حق کاربر چه زمانی در دسترس خواهد بود؟ از چه زمانی می توانیم واگذاری آن را شروع کنیم؟

حق کاربر احتمالاً در اواخر امسال (2023) به نرم افزار MediaWiki اضافه خواهد شد، اگرچه در ابتدا در هیچ ویکی مفید نخواهد بود. جوامعی که می‌خواهند از فرآیندی استفاده کنند که نیاز به بررسی فردی دارد، در صورت تمایل می‌توانند در هر زمانی شروع به پیش‌تأیید ویراستاران کنند.

ویکی من دارای یک گروه موجود است که حقوق کاربری آن در حال حاضر بالاتر از حداقل شرایط/الزامات است. اگر فرآیندی جداگانه را انتخاب نکنیم، همه آنها به طور خودکار از این حق برخوردار می شوند. آیا می توانیم این حق جدید را به همه آنها اختصاص دهیم؟

تا زمانی که همه کاربران گروه واجد حداقل الزامات و فراتر از آنها باشند، می توان آن الزامات را به یک گروه موجود اختصاص داد. اعضای آینده آن گروه باید تمام حداقل الزامات را واجد بوده یا فراتر از آنها روند.

حداقل الزامات برای غیر ادمین ها بیش از حد زیاد است

ممکن است این وضعیت گهگاه مصداق داشته باشد، مثل مواقعی که یک ویکی به تازگی ایجاد شده است. در اینگونه موارد شخص فعال در آن ویکی نیاز به ارسال درخواست مستثنی شدن به بخش حقوقی بنیاد ویکی‌مدیا دارد. در اینصورت با توضیح وضعیت جامعه خود با privacy wikimedia.org تماس بگیرید.

حداقل شرایط دسترسی خودکار را دارم، اما جامعه من خواهان بررسی فردی شد و درخواستم را رد کرد!

تصمیم گیری در مورد اعطای حق کاربر به شخصی که حداقل شرایط را برآورده می کند، کاملاً به جامعه محلی بستگی دارد. نیازی نیست هیچ شخص خاصی این حق کاربر را به شما اعطاء کند.

من ادمین هستم اما این حق کاربر را نمی خواهم

شما نمی توانید هیچ یک از این اطلاعات را ببینید مگر اینکه برای پذیرش توافق نامه کلیک کنید.

بگمانم شخصی از این اطلاعات سوء استفاده می کند

لطفاً نگرانی های مربوط به حریم خصوصی را به کمیسیون ombuds گزارش دهید. برای اطمینان از پاسخگو سازی، پیشینه های ثبت شده استفاده از ابزار نگهداری می شود و کاربران به این ابزار دسترسی دارند.

دیگر نگرانی ها در مورد سوء استفاده احتمالی را می توان با ارسال یک درخواست بهm:Steward requests/Permissions#Removal of access به ناظر منتقل کرد. ناظران مجازند در صورت تشخیص سوء استفاده، دسترسی کاربر به آدرس های IP را مسدود کنند. این عمل مانع دسترسی می شود، حتی اگر کاربر خود بخود واجد شرایط باشد یا انجمن از طریق فرآیند به او اجازه دسترسی داده باشد.

Some communities currently have public pages for documenting the activities of some bad actors, including their IP addresses (e.g., Long-term abuse). Will this documentation still be permitted?

Yes.

The communities should treat the IPs of logged in users and temporary account holders the same on the Long-term abuse list. They may list the IP addresses when necessary, but they should refer to the abusers by their temporary account usernames.

See also:

Can we publicly document the IP addresses used by suspected (but not confirmed) bad actors who are using temporary accounts?

In general, no, but sometimes yes, temporarily.

When possible, patrollers with access to IP addresses should document the temporary account name(s) instead of the IP addresses. The exception is when the IP addresses are necessary for the purpose of protecting the wiki from abusive actions. Necessity should be determined on a case-by-case basis. If a disclosure later becomes unnecessary, then the IP address should be promptly removed.

For example, if a suspected vandal is exonerated during an investigation, then the report showing the user's IP address can be removed through oversight. That way, the IP address is only revealed while it is needed, and then is suppressed later, after it has been shown to not be needed any longer. See the related policy for more information.

If other information about non-logged-in contributors is revealed (such as location, or ISP), then it doesn't matter if the IP address is also published, right?

No. The IP address should not be published.

With temporary accounts, the public information will be not linked to an individual person or device. For example, it will be a city-level location, or a note that an edit was made by someone at a particular university. While this is still information about the user, it's less specific and individual than an IP address. So even though we are making some information available in order to assist with abuse prevention, we are protecting the privacy of that specific contributor better.

Experienced contributor questions

What if a temporary account holder needs to be blocked?

Temporary accounts' IPs will be stored for a period of 90 days. Their IP addresses can still be blocked, just like at present. Temporary accounts can also be independently blocked, including global blocks and autoblocks.

Can't an abuser just clear cookies?

Yes, they can. Temporary accounts are not intended to solve any anti-abuse problems.

We know the problem of abusers making edits through a pool of changing IPs while masking browser agent data. This cannot be solved through temporary accounts. This is not a design goal for this project either. Otherwise, we would need to use trusted tokens, disabling anonymous edits, or fingerprinting, all of which are very involved, complicated measures that have significant community and technical considerations.

Tools will be adapted to ensure that bidirectional mappings between temporary accounts within the last 90 days and IPs can be safely and efficiently navigated by trusted functionaries. However, abuse from a user that clears cookies may become difficult or impossible to detect and mitigate for users without elevated user rights, or if some of the edits involved are more than 90 days old.

Will temporary accounts be covered by the autoblock mechanism?

Autoblocks stop vandals and other high-risk users from continuing to disrupt the projects by immediately creating a new account. Autoblocks for temporary accounts are the same as autoblocks for registered users. (IP addresses are not available to the public.)

More information is available in phab:T332231. Temporary accounts can also be blocked via global autoblocks.

Is there a limitation for creating many temporary accounts from the same IP address?

Yes.

There is a limitation preventing from creating too many accounts from the same IP address too quickly. The current threshold for regular accounts is six per IP address per day ($wgAccountCreationThrottle).

In addition to tht, there is a similar limitation for temporary accounts, which is also six per IP address per day ($wgRateLimits). This threshold can be changed quickly if necessary.

We have investigated the ideal thresholds of the limit (T357771). We will check nuanced responses to tripping thresholds, including CAPTCHAs, temporary blocks, calls to create an account, etc.

During the entire rollout, we will analyse rate limit trips (T357763). To learn more, see T357776.

What are the functional differences between using a Special:Checkuser on a temporary account, and revealing the IP address?

The IP reveal feature can show you the IP address used for a particular edit by a particular temporary account, the last IP address used by a temporary account, all the IP addresses used by a temporary account, or all the temporary accounts edits on a given IP address or IP address range.

See also

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