I can't seem to find any documentation regarding use of glyph icons within wiki articles with either Skin:Chameleon or Extension:Bootstrap; they work in the skin itself with latest development branch installed with composer, so I am a little confused as to why it doesn't work out of the box.
Topic on Skin talk:Chameleon
It should work to just insert something like
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-search"></span>
For available glyphicons see http://getbootstrap.com/components/#glyphicons-glyphs