API:Extensions
Halaman ini adalah bagian dari dokumentasi API Tindakan MediaWiki. |
Dokumen ini mencakup pembuatan modul API dalam ekstensi untuk digunakan dengan MediaWiki 1.30 dan yang lebih baru.
Pembuatan dan pendaftaran modul
Semua modul API adalah subclass dari ApiBase , tetapi beberapa jenis modul menggunakan kelas dasar turunan. Metode pendaftaran juga bergantung pada jenis modul.
- modul tindakan
- Modul yang memberikan nilai untuk parameter
action
utama harus membuat subkelas ApiBase . Mereka harus didaftarkan diextension.json
menggunakan kunciAPIModules
. - modul format
- Modul yang menyediakan nilai untuk parameter
format
utama harus membuat subkelas ApiFormatBase. Mereka harus didaftarkan diextension.json
menggunakan kunciAPIFormatModules
. Sangat jarang ekstensi perlu menambahkan modul format. - permintaan submodul
- Modules that provide a value for the
prop
,list
, ormeta
parameters toaction=query
should subclass ApiQueryBase (if not usable as a generator) or ApiQueryGeneratorBase (if usable as a generator). They should be registered inextension.json
using theAPIPropModules
,APIListModules
, orAPIMetaModules
key.
In all cases, the value for the registration key is an object with the module name (i.e. the value for the parameter) as the key and the class name as the value. Modules may also be registered conditionally using the ApiMain::moduleManager (for action and format modules) and ApiQuery::moduleManager (for query submodules) hooks.
Implementasi
Awalan
In the constructor of your API module, when you call parent::__construct()
you can specify an optional prefix for your module's parameters.
(In the generated documentation for a module this prefix, if any, appears in parentheses in the heading for the module.)
If your module is a query submodule then a prefix is required, since a client can invoke multiple submodules each with its own parameters in a single request.
For action and format modules, the prefix is optional.
Parameter
Most modules require parameters.
These are defined by implementing getAllowedParams().
The return value is an associative array where keys are the (unprefixed) parameter names and values are either the scalar default value for the parameter or an array defining the properties of the parameter using the PARAM_*
constants defined by ApiBase.
The example illustrates the syntax and some of the more common PARAM_*
constants.
protected function getAllowedParams() {
return [
// An optional parameter with a default value
'simple' => 'value',
// A required parameter
'required' => [
ApiBase::PARAM_TYPE => 'string',
ApiBase::PARAM_REQUIRED => true,
],
// A parameter accepting multiple values from a list
'variable' => [
// The default set of values
ApiBase::PARAM_DFLT => 'foo|bar|baz',
// All possible values
ApiBase::PARAM_TYPE => [ 'foo', 'bar', 'baz', 'quux', 'fred', 'blah' ],
// Indicate that multiple values are accepted
ApiBase::PARAM_ISMULTI => true,
// Use standard "per value" documentation messages
ApiBase::PARAM_HELP_MSG_PER_VALUE => [],
],
// A standard "limit" parameter. It's generally best not to vary from this standard.
'limit' => [
ApiBase::PARAM_DFLT => 10,
ApiBase::PARAM_TYPE => 'limit',
ApiBase::PARAM_MIN => 1,
ApiBase::PARAM_MAX => ApiBase::LIMIT_BIG1,
ApiBase::PARAM_MAX2 => ApiBase::LIMIT_BIG2,
],
];
}
Parameters are documented using MediaWiki's i18n mechanism. See #Documentation for details.
Eksekusi dan keluaran
The code actually implementing the module goes in the execute() method. This code will generally use $this→extractRequestParams() to get the input parameters, and will use $this→getResult() to get the ApiResult object to add any output to.
Query prop submodules should use $this→getPageSet() to access the set of pages to operate on.
Query submodules that can be used as generators will also need to implement executeGenerator() which is passed and ApiPageSet that should be filled with the generated pages.
In this case, the ApiResult
should generally not be used.
Caching
By default API responses are marked as not cacheable ('Cache-Control: private')!
For action modules, you can allow caching by calling $this→getMain()→setCacheMode().
This still requires clients pass the maxage
or smaxage
parameters to actually enable caching.
You can force caching by also calling $this→getMain()→setCacheMaxAge().
For query modules, do not call those methods. You can allow caching by instead implementing getCacheMode().
In either case, be sure that private data is not exposed.
Penanganan token
If your action module changes the wiki in any way, it should require a token of some kind.
To have this handled automatically, implement the needsToken()
method, returning the token that your module requires (probably the 'csrf'
edit token).
The API base code will then automatically validate the token that clients provide in API requests in a token
parameter.
If you don't want to use a token that is part of core, but rather a custom token with your own permission checks, use ApiQueryTokensRegisterTypes hook to register your token.
Akses database master
If your module accesses the primary database, it should implement the isWriteMode()
method to return true
.
Mengembalikan kesalahan
ApiBase includes several methods for performing various checks, for example,
- If you need to assert that exactly one of a set of parameters was supplied, use $this→requireOnlyOneParameter().
- If you need to assert that at most one of a set of parameters was supplied, use $this→requireMaxOneParameter().
- If you need to assert that at least one of a set of parameters was supplied, use $this→requireAtLeastOneParameter().
- If you need to assert that the user has certain rights, use $this→checkUserRightsAny().
- If you need to assert that the user can take an action on a particular page, use $this→checkTitleUserPermissions().
- If the user is blocked (and that matters to your module), pass the
Block
object to $this→dieBlocked().
But you will often run into cases where you need to raise an error of your own.
The usual way to do that is to call $this→dieWithError(), although if you have a StatusValue
with the error information you could pass it to $this→dieStatus() instead.
If you need to issue a warning rather than an error, use $this→addWarning() or $this→addDeprecation() if it's a deprecation warning.
Dokumentasi
The API is documented using MediaWiki's i18n mechanism. Needed messages generally have default names based on the module's "path". For action and format modules, the path is the same as the module's name used during registration. For query submodules, it's the name prefixed with query+.
Every module will need a apihelp-$path-summary
message, which should be a one-line description of the module.
If additional help text is needed, apihelp-$path-extended-description
may be created as well.
Each parameter will need a apihelp-$path-param-$name
message, and parameters using PARAM_HELP_MSG_PER_VALUE
will also need a apihelp-$path-paramvalue-$name-$value
for each value.
More details on API documentation are available at API:Localisation .
Extensions may also document their extra API modules on mediawiki.org.
This should be located on the extension's main page or, if more space is required, on pages named Extension:<ExtensionName>/API
or subpages thereof (e.g. CentralAuth , MassMessage , or StructuredDiscussions ).
The API namespace is reserved for the API of MediaWiki core.
Memperluas modul inti
Since MediaWiki 1.14, it's possible to extend core modules' functionality using the following hooks:
- APIGetAllowedParams - to add or modify the module's parameter list
- APIGetParamDescriptionMessages - to add or modify the module's parameter descriptions
- APIAfterExecute - to do something after the module has been executed (but before the result has been output)
- Use APIQueryAfterExecute for
prop=
,list=
andmeta=
modules
- Use APIQueryAfterExecute for
- If the module is run in generator mode, APIQueryGeneratorAfterExecute will be called instead
Daftar ekstensi dengan fungsionalitas API
Lihat Category:API extensions untuk contoh ekstensi yang menambah atau memperluas API.
Menguji ekstensi Anda
- Visit api.php and navigate to the generated help for your module or query submodule.
Your extension's help information should be correct.
- The example URLs you provided in
getExamplesMessages()
should appear under "Examples", try clicking them.
- The example URLs you provided in
- Omit and mangle URL parameters in the query string, check your extension's response.
- Visit Special:ApiSandbox and interactively explore your API.
- To see additional information about your extension: