Викибаза/FAQ
Общая информация
В чем разница между Викибазой и Викиданными?
Wikibase - это набор программного обеспечения на базе знаний для управления связанными открытыми данными, изначально написанный для проекта Wikidata и до сих пор используемый.
Wikidata is the largest instance of Wikibase, a free knowledge base that anyone can edit. Данные из Викиданных используются Википедией, её сестринскими проектами и любым другим, кто хочет использовать большое количество открытых данных общего назначения.
Есть ли список экземпляров Викибазы?
Although there’s no single canonical list, on our Showcase page we highlight several notable instances. Для получения более подробной информации вы можете ознакомиться с [добровольным реестром викибазы http://wikibase-registry.wmflabs.org/wiki/Main_Page] и этим списком федеративных запросов.
Установка
Как я могу установить Wikibase в свою собственную систему?
В настоящее время существует три варианта для установки Wikibase.
- Для установки с использованием наших заранее настроенных образов Docker см. Wikibase/Docker.
- Для получения дополнительной информации вы можете ознакомиться с нашим Docker репозиторием или посмотреть на контейнеры в Docker Hub.
- Подробные инструкции по установке вручную можно найти здесь: Wikibase/Suite
- И если вы хотите только информацию о установке WikiBase, посмотрите здесь: Wikibase/Установка
Возможности
Что установлено в моем экземпляре Wikibase?
Depending on whether you installed Wikibase using our Docker images, or if you're using wikibase.cloud, the extensions and templates installed on your Wikibase can differ significantly. Лучшее , что ты можешь сделать , это посмотреть сам:
- Установленные шаблоны:
<your Wikibase URL>/wiki/Special:AllPages?from=&to=&namespace=10 - Установленные расширения:
<your Wikibase URL>/wiki/Special:Version#mw-version-ext
Где я могу найти более подробную информацию о службе запросов?
Вот руководство по обслуживанию запросов в Викиданных и некоторые SPARQL examples.
Как работает патрулирование правок?
Ознакомьтесь с нашей страницей правки.
Поставляется ли Wikibase с веб-API (например, api.php) для удаленного доступа?
Wikibase расширяет стандартный MediaWiki action API модулями, такими как action=wbsetsitelink, и модулями запросов, такими как action=query&prop=pageterms.
Вы получаете доступ к этим модулям через api.php , как и к остальной части API, и вы можете использовать d:Special:ApiSandbox для изучения API.
Некоторые вики-вики Викимедиа запускают только клиент Викибазы, в то время как wikidata.org запускает полное программное обеспечение.
Импорт
Как получить данные из Викиданных?
Ознакомьтесь с нашей страницей правки.
QuickStatements не отвечает нашим потребностям. Какие еще существуют инструменты импорта?
First of all, Wikimedia Deutschland is acutely aware of the need for reliable and robust import tooling for Wikibase.
Because Wikimedia Deutschland didn’t develop QuickStatements and doesn’t maintain it, we’re not in a position to address any issues or supplement its functionality. (QuickStatements was developed and is maintained by a community member, Magnus Manske.)
For an up-to-date and more thorough list, check out the import tools page. However, it’s worth noting the existence of a few more community tools:
- OpenRefine recently added Wikibase import functionality alongside its existing reconciliation functionality.
- For those conversant with Python, there’s WikibaseBot and the WikidataIntegrator library.
Data modeling
How do metaclasses work on Wikidata? How do metaclasses influence the SPARQL query service?
Some tools make a distinction between descriptors themselves and descriptors of those descriptors, but not Wikibase. Wikibase simply describes things, and the code makes no distinction between metaclasses and other classes. This is also true for SPARQL.
The practical upshot of this for your Wikibase instance is that you should stick to modelling your items and constructing your queries using "instance of" and "subclass of".
For a deep dive into such philosophical questions, check out WikiProject Ontology.
How do I set up constraints in Wikibase?
With the Wikibase Quality Constraints extension, you can add quality constraints when creating a property in Wikibase. For instance, for the image property (P18 over in Wikidata), you can constrain the image format (e.g., JPG, PNG, GIF -- here’s an example).
The instructions for setting up the extension as well as for adding and importing constraints are on our GitHub mirror. You’re free to add and alter constraints to suit your particular data set. You can also import Wikidata’s own quality constraints.
Should I always make reciprocal relationships clear in Wikibase?
That’s entirely up to you. You should base this decision entirely on the needs of your own data. There’s no downside to omitting a constraint that’s not needed; you may wish to avoid situations where a statement that’s fundamentally okay triggers an off-putting amount of constraint violations.
Why should a Wikibase’s first property be "SameAs"?
When you create a Wikibase instance, we recommend you create the "SameAs" property with the "URL" datatype as your first property (or one of the first). Then, when creating properties in your Wikibase, you’ll use the SameAs property in a statement to indicate that the property in question is the same as a property used in a different vocabulary elsewhere, such as in Wikidata, SKOS or OWL.
Example: the property you use to communicate the title of a work in your own Wikibase instance might have a "SameAs" statement that links to the equivalent property in Wikidata (P1476).
So: Why? Connecting different vocabularies by saying that property X in database A is the equivalent of property Y in database B makes exchanging data between these different databases much easier. You can ask questions of separate databases that use different vocabularies, linking the data together in spite of their differing vocabularies instead of hiding it all in a silo.
Is a Wikibase instance a knowledge graph?
The formal answer to this question is not as simple as yes or no. The Wikibase repository extension is not a knowledge graph in the semantic-web sense: it lacks queryable RDF. Wikibase instead stores data internally as JSON and makes that data available in various formats including, but not limited to, RDF.
Wikibase stores data in JSON instead of RDF because Wikibase’s data model is considerably more complex than a simple triple -- users may add references, qualifiers and ranks.
However, the suite of tools that support Wikibase does make Wikibase a knowledge graph, because tools such as the SPARQL query service constitute an RDF-based graph store.
Wikibase users can design their own data model. Are there downsides to this?
Wikibase’s flexibility gives users the ability and freedom to model their data collection in any way that suits their needs. But because Wikibase lacks a preexisting ontology (e.g., CIDOC-CRM, Bibframe or any other of the many existing options), interoperability becomes more difficult. By “interoperability” we mean the ability for separate systems and data collections to interact with one another.
So while every Wikibase user is free to employ their own domain-relevant model, there’s no guarantee that that model will have any cross-domain interoperability, making querying across instances of Wikibase more difficult.
However, Wikibase instances that use the Wikibase Manifest extension make it possible at least for users of other Wikibases to discover the mappings of that instance and providing some hope and clues as to how to interoperate.
Source code
Where can I find the source code?
Check out our developer resources.
Who maintains Wikibase?
The Wikibase extension is primarily maintained by the engineering teams of Wikimedia Deutschland.
Wikibase/Suite and Wikibase/Docker provide a software suite including not only the Wikibase extension to MediaWiki but also accompanying software like Elasticsearch, QuickStatements and the Wikidata Query Service. Other than Wikibase and the WDQS front end, Wikimedia Deutschland doesn't maintain any of these components.
Почему к Викибазе не было применено конкретное исправление?
Викимедиа Deutschland посвящена обеспечению критических исправлений безопасности для всех компонентов WikiBase Suite по мере их доступности. Но из-за ограниченных ресурсов, Викимедиа Нейдерланды не может обязаться добавлять какую-либо новую функциональность или применять исправления некритических ошибок в программном обеспечении, которое мы не поддерживаем. Запросы такого рода лучше всего направлять разработчикам каждого программного компонента.
Как я должен сообщать о проблемах безопасности в Викибазе?
Следуйте инструкциям на странице Сообщение об ошибках в системе безопасности.
Управление
Как работают разрешения в Wikibase?
See Wikibase/Permissions for a detailed explanation and a helpful table.
How can I customize the logo?
You can add your own logo by adding a $wgLogo line to your LocalSettings.php.
For specific instructions, check out the corresponding entry in the MediaWiki FAQ.
Can I link to content in my Wikibase’s local media repository?
While Wikibase doesn’t yet offer this functionality natively, there’s a community-developed extension that allows linking to local media in statements instead of media files on Wikimedia Commons. As with all community code, WMDE can’t provide official support for this extension. We hope someday to include similar functionality in the Wikibase core software.
Some of the data in our collection cannot be made public for copyright reasons. Can we hide certain items and properties in our Wikibase instance?
No, Wikibase currently offers no feature allowing users to hide particular items or properties.
A possible workaround would be to set up and maintain two separate Wikibase instances, one that holds the data that can be made public, and a second that holds the data that must remain private.
Technical issues
We cover many technical topics in our maintenance guide, the GitHub repository for our Docker images and our manual install documentation. Below you'll find help on some specific issues reported by users of Wikibase.
Docker
View open issues in our issue tracker:
Query service
Why doesn't the query service update?
Background
Wikibase's WDQS updater will refuse to ingest updates older than 30 days.
But when you start Wikibase's WDQS updater for the first time, the timestamp of the most recent edit is set to 30 days. So if you start a new instance of Wikibase with the query service and its updater, and you then stop the updater without making an edit, you guarantee that the updater will never again ingest an update.
Avoiding the problem
To avoid this problem, simply make a trivial edit after starting your query service & updater for the first time; also avoid gaps in updates longer than 30 days.
Fixing the problem
But if you find yourself in this situation already, you can fix it by stopping the updater and restarting it with the following flag:
--start YYYYMMDDHHMMSS
(that's four-digit year, two-digit month and day, and hours, minutes and seconds on a 24-hour clock)
The complete invocation should look something like this:
docker exec cluster_name_wdqs_1 bash -c '/wdqs/runUpdate.sh -h http://${WDQS_HOST}:${WDQS_PORT} -- --wikibaseUrl ${WIKIBASE_SCHEME}://${WIKIBASE_HOST} --conceptUri ${WIKIBASE_SCHEME}://${WIKIBASE_HOST} --entityNamespaces ${WDQS_ENTITY_NAMESPACES} --init --start 20210315120000'
See this Phabricator ticket and this Blazegraph thread for more detail.
A less manual solution is underway; see this Phabricator ticket for more.
There are very few languages I can set labels for in a new item.
Make sure you have installed Расширение:UniversalLanguageSelector.
What measures can I take to protect my Wikibase instance against spam?
- Борьба со спамом - The MediaWiki manual for combating spam
In particular:
- Manual:$wgRateLimits - The rate limits setting
- Расширение: AbuseFilter
- Patrolling
Further help
How can I ask more detailed questions about Wikibase?
Join the mailing list or seek help on the community Telegram group.
Where can I report issues or problems with Wikibase?
You’re welcome to raise an issue on our Phabricator instance, where you can log in with your Wikimedia unified account or a Wikitech developer account.
For issues with the Docker install, tag your issue with Wikibase release strategy for optimal visibility.
Before you do, you may want to review the bug report guidelines.
How can I get third-party technical support for my Wikibase instance?
Take a look at the third-party consultants list. (This is a public wiki page; inclusion of a given provider doesn’t constitute an official endorsement by the Wikibase team.)
How can I get more questions and answers added to this FAQ?
If you have a question and answer that you think other Wikibase users might benefit from seeing here, please add it - just as you would edit any wiki page. (You may see further edits from one or more technical writers who will be keeping the page tidy and its categories and style consistent, but don't let that deter you!)
To begin a discussion about a question (and answer) that's not yet ready for print, visit the talk page.
If you have a question that is still seeking an answer, see the previous entries in this very Further help section.