I'm attaching a bug report that I reported it in phabricator Auth_remoteuser project. There I was told that I should perhaps post it here, as there it seemed that no calls from the extension appeared in the stack trace.
After installing MediaWiki 1.41.1 on a server (Vector skin, MySQL database, language: ES) and making sure installation works fine, I installed Auth_remoteuser (for release 1.41).
Then the wiki crashes. You can see top bar (with correct logged user) and left sidebar. But content area shows internal error (stack trace included later).
Removing the extension, installation works fine again. Instead of removing it, simply changing language to EN causes installation to work fine also. Returning to ES it crashes again.
Some languages tried: ES and FR crash. EN, IT, RU work fine.
All the tried languages work fine if the extension is removed.
For other details or stack trace: https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366986