Handbuch:Gemeinsame Datenbank
Diese Seite bietet einen kurzen Überblick über die Verwendung gemeinsamer Datenbanken in MediaWiki. Most of the information here should work with a plain installation of MediaWiki (no extensions). Any extension requirements are noted. Bemerke, dass dies um MySQL-Datenbanken entwickelt wurde. Unterstützung für SQLite wurde in MediaWiki 1.17 hinzugefügt. Unterstützung für PostgreSQL wurde in MediaWiki 1.19 hinzugefügt. Other database engines may not support shared databases in this way.
![]() | This guide assumes that you are either starting your wikis from scratch, or are transitioning from one wiki to multiple. This does not cover "merging" user tables nor a Wikimedia-style set up (with a global user table and local user tables) using CentralAuth . |
![]() | Renameuser is currently incompatible with $wgSharedDB. See phab:T104830. |
Grundlagen
Shared databases are configured with 3 main global Configuration variables in your LocalSettings.php:
Depending on your needs and environment, you may not need to use all of these.
<span id="The_simplest_setup:_A_shared_user
_table">
Die einfachste Konfiguration: Eine gemeinsame Benutzertabelle
A shared user
table can be used to have multiple wikis that have shared user registrations, so that users need only sign up to one wiki.
$wgSharedDB = 'mainwiki'; # The $wgDBname for the wiki database holding the main user table
$wgSharedTables[] = 'actor';
$wgSharedPrefix = 'm_'; # The $wgDBprefix for the database. Defaults to the prefix of the current wiki if not specified
By default, $wgSharedTables contains the user
and user_properties
tables.
For wikis first created after MediaWiki 1.35, it also includes the actor
table.
actor
table later, things do break because the user id that was referenced in the local actor
table is not the same user id being referenced in the shared actor
table. This ends up causing confusion and data corruption in many places, in more or less subtle ways. Unfortunately, there is also a bug that breaks login for new users on wikis with shared user tables but separate actor tables.
Suggestion: For the reason mentioned above, it is advisable to share tables (especially user
tables) right after creating a new wiki. Before any users get created or edits are made.
Berechtigungen für Datenbanken
The MySQL user of the shared wiki must have at least SELECT and UPDATE permissions for the main wiki user
tables.
If you use different MySQL users for each wiki, you will need to grant additional permissions to the shared wiki user as specified in that wiki's $wgDBuser setting.
For those who use shared hosting, note that this is possible at some but not all providers.
Granting permissions can be performed using MySQL commands similar to the following:
grant select, update on mainwiki.user to 'sharedwikiuser'@'localhost';
grant select, update on mainwiki.user_properties to 'sharedwikiuser'@'localhost';
This will allow your wiki to read users from the main table, and also update the tables, which happens whenever a user logs in.
Sitzungen teilen
To share login sessions between your wikis, set $wgCookieDomain to include all subdomains under your root domain. For example, if you have the sites en.example.com, fr.example.com und pool.example.com, set:
$wgCookieDomain = '.example.com';
Upgrading
As of MediaWiki 1.21, when upgrading MediaWiki from the web installer, $wgSharedTables must be temporarily removed from LocalSettings.php during upgrade. Otherwise, the shared tables are not touched at all (neither tables with $wgSharedPrefix, nor those with $wgDBprefix), which may lead to a failed upgrade.
When upgrading from the command line, running the update.php script, you need to use the --doshared
parameter for the script to upgrade the shared tables.
In MediaWiki 1.24 the default password type for MediaWiki has been changed from MD5 to PBKDF2, and passwords hashes will automatically be updated as users log in.
To prevent this from happening until all wikis are upgraded, set $wgPasswordDefault to 'B'
on all wikis, and remove it on all wikis when they have been upgraded to ensure a stronger encryption is used.
Weitere Tabellen gemeinsam nutzen
You can share tables other than the user
table, but be careful when doing so.
If a table contains any data specific to one wiki, sharing may cause problems.
Note that each of the subsections here assume that you are also sharing the user
table.
Whenever adding other tables, be sure to either append to the array ($var[] = 'value'
) or include the user
table in the new array definition.
<span id="The_ipblocks
_table">
Die ipblocks
-Tabelle
$wgSharedTables[] = 'ipblocks';
By sharing the ipblocks table, you can have "global blocks" so that a block on one wiki will block the user or IP on all other wikis using the shared database.
Einschränkungen
There can be some minor issues when sharing the ipblocks
table:
- The
ipb_reason
field is set as the "reason" on Special:Block when blocking a user. When a blocked user sees the "You are blocked" message, this is parsed as wikitext, and links are parsed on Special:BlockList, you will need to make sure when blocking a user that the message makes sense on all wikis. - Block logs will not be shared (sharing the logging table is not recommended).
<span id="The_user_groups
_table">
Die user_groups
-Tabelle
$wgSharedTables[] = 'user_groups';
Sharing the user_groups table will allow you to have global user groups.
Einschränkungen
- As with the block log, the user rights log is not shared.
- All user groups will be global. You can work around this somewhat by customizing your user groups. For example, to have admins on one wiki be separate from admins on another, you could do something like the following:
- In the config for wiki 1:
$wgGroupPermissions['wiki1_admin'] = $wgGroupPermissions['sysop']; // Copy the default sysop permissions to the new group
unset($wgGroupPermissions['sysop']); // Then remove the default sysop group
$wgGroupPermissions['wiki2_admin'] = array(); // Don't give admins from other wikis any extra rights
- In the config for wiki 2:
$wgGroupPermissions['wiki2_admin'] = $wgGroupPermissions['sysop'];
unset($wgGroupPermissions['sysop']);
$wgGroupPermissions['wiki1_admin'] = array();
- To prevent bureaucrats on one wiki from assigning themselves rights on other wikis that they shouldn't have, you can do a similar configuration to the above, but remove the 'userrights' right that allows them to set any group, and use $wgAddGroups /$wgRemoveGroups instead.
Weitere Tabellen
This section covers other tables, with less common reasons to share, as well as which tables not to share.
- The
interwiki
table contains mostly static data; it may be useful to share if you have many custom interwikis. - The
site_stats
table could possibly be shared, to aggregate data over all your wikis. - By default, the user_properties table is included in the list of shared tables. If your wikis were started using MediaWiki 1.15 or older, you should probably keep this for backward compatibility, as user preferences will be silently automatically migrated from the
user
table to theuser_properties
table. Otherwise, you can remove this from the array to allow users to have different preferences on each wiki (if desired)
Most other tables should not be shared, as they include wiki-specific data, typically connections to pages via a page ID or a namespace/title combination. This includes (but is not limited to):
- Any of the links tables (pagelinks, templatelinks, etc.)
- Die
page
-Tabelle - Die
revision
-Tabelle - The
image
table (to have a shared media repository, see $wgForeignFileRepos )
Für mehr Details siehe Manual:Suitability of tables for sharing
Siehe auch
- Erweiterung:CentralAuth - A different method to have shared
user
tables. Used by Wikimedia, and probably the easiest option for merging already-established wikis. - Extension:GlobalBlocking - an extension that allows IP addresses to be blocked globally, without sharing other databases. The right to globally block users is separated from the normal 'block' right.
- Erweiterung:GlobalUserrights - An extension that enables global user groups and allows easy management of them via Special:GlobalUserrights.