MediaWiki

擴展:SpamBlacklist

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This extension comes with MediaWiki 1.21 and above. Thus you do not have to download it again. However, you still need to follow the other instructions provided.
MediaWiki 擴充功能手冊
SpamBlacklist
發佈狀態： 穩定
Implementation Page action
描述 提供正規則表達方式嘅垃圾郵件過濾器
作者 Tim Starling傾偈
最新版本 連續更新
Compatibility policy Snapshots releases along with MediaWiki. Master is not backward compatible.
MediaWiki 1.31+
許可 GNU General Public License 2.0 or later
下載
Download extension
Git [?]:

README
Parameters
  • $wgBlacklistSettings
  • $wgLogSpamBlacklistHits
Added rights
  • sboverride
  • spamblacklistlog
Hooks used
Quarterly downloads 40 (Ranked 96th)
Public wikis using 4,601 (Ranked 180th)
若果有喺translatewiki.net提供嘅話翻譯SpamBlacklist呢個擴充功能
問題 Open tasks · 報告臭蟲
A proposal to rename this extension is discussed at task T254649.

SpamBlacklist擴展名可以防止包括呢個網域同指定文件或者係Wiki頁面中定義嘅正規表達模式匹配嘅URL編輯，同埋防止用戶使用指定電郵地址進行註冊嘅編輯。

當第個人試吓保存個頁面,此擴展程序會根據（可能性非常大嘅）非法主機名列表檢查文本。 If there is a match, the extension displays an error message to the user and refuses to save the page.

Installation and setup

安裝

  • Download and move the extracted SpamBlacklist folder to your extensions/ directory.
    Developers and code contributors should install the extension from Git instead, using:cd extensions/
    git clone https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/mediawiki/extensions/SpamBlacklist
  • Add the following code at the bottom of your LocalSettings.php file: 
    wfLoadExtension( 'SpamBlacklist' );
  • 在方便時配置阻止列表
  • Yes Done – Navigate to Special:Version on your wiki to verify that the extension is successfully installed.

設定封鎖名單

The following local pages are always used, whatever additional sources are listed:

The default additional source for the list of forbidden URLs is the Wikimedia spam blacklist on Meta-Wiki, at m:Spam blacklist. By default, the extension uses this list and reloads it once every 10-15 minutes. For many wikis, using this list will be enough to block most spamming attempts. However, since a diverse group of large wikis uses the Wikimedia blacklist with hundreds of thousands of external links, it is comparatively conservative in the links it blocks.

The Wikimedia spam blacklist can only be edited by administrators, but you can suggest modifications to the blacklist at m:Talk:Spam blacklist.

You can add other bad URLs on your wiki. List them in the global variable $wgBlacklistSettings in LocalSettings.php . See examples below.

$wgBlacklistSettings is an two level array. Top level key is spam or email. They take an array with each value containing a URL, a filename, or a database location.

If you use $wgBlacklistSettings in "LocalSettings.php", the default value of "[[m:Spam blacklist]]" will no longer be used - if you want that blacklist to be accessed, you will have to add it in manually, see examples below.

Specifying a database location allows you to draw the blacklist from a page on your wiki.

The format of the database location specifier is ">DB: [db name] [title]". [db name] should exactly match the value of $wgDBname in LocalSettings.php .

You should create the required page name [title] in the default namespace of your wiki. If you do this, it is strongly recommended that you protect the page from general editing. Besides the obvious danger that someone may add a regex that matches everything, please note that an attacker with the ability to input arbitrary regular expressions may be able to generate segfaults in the PCRE library.

====例====

If you want to, for instance, use the English-language Wikipedia's spam blacklist in addition to the standard Meta-Wiki one, you could call the following in LocalSettings.php , AFTER wfLoadExtension( 'SpamBlacklist' ); call: 

$wgBlacklistSettings = [
	'spam' => [
		'files' => [
			"https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spam_blacklist&action=raw&sb_ver=1",
			"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Spam-blacklist&action=raw&sb_ver=1"
		],
	],
];

Here is an example of an entirely local set of blacklists: the administrator is using the update script to generate a local file called "wikimedia_blacklist" that holds a copy of the Meta-Wiki blacklist and has an additional blacklist on the wiki page "My spam blacklist": 

$wgBlacklistSettings = [
	'spam' => [
		'files' => [
			"$IP/extensions/SpamBlacklist/wikimedia_blacklist", // Wikimedia's list
			// database, title
			'DB: wikidb My_spam_block_list',    
		],
	],
];

Logging

By default, the extension does not log hits to a spam blacklist log. To enable logging set $wgLogSpamBlacklistHits = true;. You can use the spamblacklist user right to control access to the logs. Every signed-in user can view the logs by default.

發布

Backtrack Limit

If you encounter issues with the blacklist, you may want to increase the backtrack limit.

However, on the other hand, this can reduce your security against DOS [1] attacks, as the backtrack limit is a performance limit: 

// Bump the Perl Compatible Regular Expressions backtrack memory limit
// (PHP 5.3.x default, 1000K, is too low for SpamBlacklist)
ini_set( 'pcre.backtrack_limit', '8M' );

Hardened Wikis

The SpamBlacklist will not allow editing if the wiki is hardened. Hardening includes limiting open_basedir so that curl is not on-path, and setting allow_url_fopen=Off in php.ini.

In the hardened case, SpamBlacklist will cause an exception when Guzzle attempts to make a network request. The Guzzle exception message is, GuzzleHttp requires cURL, the allow_url_fopen ini setting, or a custom HTTP handler.

安全清單

A corresponding safe list can be maintained by editing the MediaWiki:Spam-whitelist page. This is useful if you would like to override certain entries from another wiki's blacklist that you are using. Wikimedia wikis, for instance, sometimes use the spam blacklist for purposes other than combating spam.

It is questionable how effective Wikimedia spam blacklists are at keeping spam off of third-party wikis. Some spam might be targeted only at Wikimedia wikis or only at third-party wikis, which would make Wikimedia's blacklist of little help to said third-party wikis in those cases. Some third-party wikis might prefer that users be allowed to cite sources that Wikipedia does not allow. Sometimes, what one wiki considers useless spam, another might consider useful.

Users may not always realize that when a link is rejected as spammy, it does not necessarily mean that the individual wiki they are editing has specifically chosen to ban that URL. Therefore, wiki system administrators may want to edit the Manual:System messages at MediaWiki:Spamprotectiontext and/or MediaWiki:Spamprotectionmatch on your wiki to invite users to make suggestions at MediaWiki talk:Spam-whitelist for pages that should be added by a Manual:Administrators to the safe list. For example, you could put, for MediaWiki:Spamprotectiontext:

The spam filter blocked the text you wanted to save. This is probably caused by a link to a blacklisted external site. {{SITENAME}} maintains [[MediaWiki:Spam-blacklist|its own blacklist]]; however, most blocking is done by means of [[metawikimedia:Spam-blacklist|Meta-Wiki's blacklist]], so this block should not necessarily be construed as an indication that {{SITENAME}} made a decision to block this particular text (or URL). If you would like this text (or URL) to be added to [[MediaWiki:Spam-whitelist|the local spam safe list]], so that {{SITENAME}} users will not be blocked from adding it to pages, please make a request at [[MediaWiki talk:Spam-whitelist]]. A [[Project:Sysops|sysop]] will then respond on that page with a decision as to whether it should be listed as safe.

註

  • This extension examines only new external links added by wiki editors.

To check user agents, add Akismet As the various tools for combating spam on MediaWiki use different methods to spot abuse, the safeguards are best used in combination.

  • Users with the sboverride can override the blacklist and add blocked links to pages. By default, this right is only given to bots.

Usage

Syntax

If you would like to create a blacklist of your own or modify an existing one, here is the syntax:

Everything on a line after a '#' character is ignored (for comments). All other strings are regex fragments which will only match inside URLs.

Notes
  • Do not add "http://"; this would fail, since the regex will match after "http://" (or "https://") inside URLs.
  • Furthermore, "www" is unneeded since the regex will match any subdomains.

By giving "www\." explicitly one can match specific subdomains.

  • The (?<=//|\.) and $ anchors match the beginning and end of the domain name, not the beginning and end of the URL.

The regular anchor ^ won't be of any use.

  • Slashes don't need to be escaped by backslashes. The script will do this automatically.
Example

The following line will block all URLs that contain the string "example.com", except where it is immediately preceded or followed by a letter or a number. 

\bexample\.com\b

These are blocked:

  • http://www.example.com
  • http://www.this-example.com
  • http://www.google.de/search?q=example.com

These are not blocked:

  • http://www.goodexample.com
  • http://www.google.de/search?q=example.commodity

Performance

The extension creates a single regex statement which looks like /https?:\/\/[a-z0-9\-.]*(line 1|line 2|line 3|....)/Si (where all slashes within the lines are escaped automatically). It saves this in a small "loader" file to avoid loading all the code on every page view. Page view performance will not be affected even if you're not using a bytecode cache, although using a cache is strongly recommended for any MediaWiki installation.

The regex match itself generally adds an insignificant overhead to page saves (on the order of 100ms in our experience). However, loading the spam file from the disk or the database and constructing the regex may take a significant amount of time, depending on your hardware. If you find that enabling this extension slows down saves excessively, try installing a supported bytecode cache. This extension will cache the constructed regex if such a system exists.

If you're sharing a server and cache with several wikis, you may improve your cache performance by modifying getSharedBlacklists and clearCache in SpamBlacklist_body.php to use $wgSharedUploadDBname (or a specific DB if you do not have a shared upload DB) rather than $wgDBname . Be sure to get all references! The regexes from the separate MediaWiki:Spam-blacklist and MediaWiki:Spam-whitelist pages on each wiki will still be applied.

External blacklist servers (RBLs)

This extension requires that the blacklist be constructed manually in its standard form. While regular expression wildcards are permitted, and a blacklist originated on one wiki may be re-used by many others, some effort is still required to add new patterns in response to spam or remove patterns that generate false positives.

Much of this effort may be reduced by supplementing the spam regex with lists of known domains advertised in spam emails. The regex will catch common patterns (like "casino-" or "-viagra") while the external blacklist server will automatically update with names of specific sites being promoted through spam.

In the filter() function in includes/SpamBlacklist.php, approximately halfway between the file start and end, are the lines: 

       # Do the match
       wfDebugLog( 'SpamBlacklist', "Checking text against " . count( $blacklists ) .
           " regexes: " . implode( ', ', $blacklists ) . "\n" );

Directly above this section (which does the actual regex test on the extracted links), one could add additional code to check the external RBL servers [2]: 

        # Do RBL checks
        $retVal = false;
        $wgAreBelongToUs = ['l1.apews.org.', 'multi.surbl.org.', 'multi.uribl.com.'];
        foreach( $addedLinks as $link ) {
              $link_url=parse_url($link);
              $link_url=$link_url['host'];
              if ($link_url) {
                   foreach( $wgAreBelongToUs as $base ) {
                        $host = "$link_url.$base";
                        $ipList = gethostbynamel( $host );
                        if( $ipList ) {
                           wfDebug( "RBL match: Hostname $host is {$ipList[0]}, it's spam says $base!\n" );
                           $ip = wfGetIP();
                           wfDebugLog( 'SpamBlacklistHit', "$ip caught submitting spam: {$link_url} per RBL {$base}\n" );
                           $retVal = $link_url . ' (blacklisted by ' . $base .')';
                           wfProfileOut( $fname );
                           return $retVal;
                        }
                   }
              }
        }

        # If no match is found on the RBL server, continue normally with regex tests...

This ensures that if an edit contains URLs from already blocked spam domains, an error is returned to the user indicating which link cannot be saved due to its appearance on an external spam blacklist. If nothing is found, the remaining regex tests can run normally, so any manually specified 'suspicious pattern' in the URL may be identified and blocked.

Note that the RBL servers list just the base domain names - not the full URL path - so http://example.com/casino-viagra-lottery.html will trigger RBL only if "example.com" itself was blocked by name by the external server. The regex, however, would be able to block on any of the text in the URL and path, from "example" to "lottery" and everything in between. Both approaches carry some risk of false positives - the regex because of the use of wildcard expressions, and the external RBL as these servers are often created for other purposes - such as control of abusive spam email - and may include domains which are not engaged in forum, wiki, blog or guestbook comment spam per se.

Other spam-fighting tools

響mediawiki.org度，各種有用嘅指南可同垃圾郵件同埋其他嘅破壞行為爭鬥：

Other anti-spam, anti-vandalism extensions include:

References

  1. ↑ Denial of Service (DOS)
  2. ↑ Realtime Blackhole List (RBL)
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